很棒的归纳:英语单词直接拼读法(建议先看”26个字母发音规律“).doc

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1、. .英语单词直接拼读法一、辅音字母的读音规则1. c 在字母e,i,y前读/s/,如cell,city,cyst;其余情况下读/K/,如cat,club,code.2. g 在字母e,i,y前读/,如gene,gin,gym;其余情况下读/g/,如beg,golf,game.3. s 多数情况下读/s/,如six,desk,yes;有时读/z/,如is,his,visit(读/z/时可下画一条横线)。4. x 处于两元音字母之间,且其后元音重读时,读/gz/,如exist;其余情况下读/ks/,如six, next, excuse.5. q 读/k/,如Irq, NASDAQ (股票名);常

2、与字母u用在一起, qu 读/kw/,如quick, question.附:英语音标元音单元音: i: i e u : : u: : 双元音: ei ai i u au i e u辅音浊辅音:b d g v z dz m n l r j w 请辅音:p t k f s ts h二、辅音字母组合的读音规则1. ch,tch 读/,如China, much;catch, match2. ph,gh 读 /f/,如photo, phone 3. sh 读 /,如shape, she, short, fish4. th 多数情况下读/,如three, third但有时读/ ,如 that, than,

3、 with.(读/时可下画一线). 5.wh 在字母o前读/h/,如who,whom, whose(其中的字母o读/u:/) ;其余情况下读/w/,如which,when,why.6. dg,dj 读/,如judge,lodging;adjust,adjective.7. n 在和字母g构成字母组合时,以及处于读/g/或/k/的字母前(如c, g,k等)读/。如 long,thing,length;uncle,zinc;angry,finger;drink,think,thank.8. gu 在元音前读/g/,如guess,guide,guest;在字母n后读/gw/,如language, d

4、istinguish,linguist. 字母n因为处于/g/音前而读/.9.两个读同一个音的字母并列时,只读一个,如little,miss,hill,hobby;clock,neck,black;scene,science,scythe,excite,except;according,accuse,occur.三、元音字母在重读音节中的读音规则英语中有四类重读音节:闭音节,开音节,r音节,re音节。1.闭音节指以辅音字母结尾的音节。元音字母 a,e,i(y),o,u 在重读闭音节中分别读 /e/i/,如 hand, help,lip,gym,hot,club.2.开音节指以元音字母、元音字母

5、+哑e或一个辅音字母+哑e结尾的音节。后者也叫约定开音节. 元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u 在重读开音节中分别读/ei/i:/ai/u/ju:/ (即读字母名称,但y读/ai/)。如:a,face,make,age; he,mete, see,eve; I,hi,by,bye,time,type; go, home,stone,toe; cube,tube,use. 但字母u 在字母 j,l,r 后,读/u:/,不读/ju:/,如 June,blue,rule.3.r音节指以字母r或r +辅音字母结尾的音节。 在r音节中:ar 读/:/, or读/:/,er, ir, yr, ur都读/:/

6、。如:arm,far,start,large,Marx;or,for,cord,order; verb,her,serve;sir,first,dirty,circle,myrtle;hurt,nurse,return,murmur.注1双r前的音节,是闭音节,不是r音节。如:carry,marry,berry,mirror,sorry,hurry.注2在/w/音后,ar读/:/, 如 war,warm,warn;or读/:/, 如 word,work,world,worse.4.re音节指元音字母与 re 结合而成的音节。在re音节中:are读/e/,ere读/i/,ire,yre读/ai/

7、,ore读/ :/, ure读/ ju/。如:care,dare,rare,hare,prepare;here,mere,severe;fire,wire,tire,entire,tyre;more,fore,core,before; cure,pure,endure四、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音规则1.a,o,u读/,如 China, second, difficult.2. e, i, y读/i/,如 result,victim,happy.3.ar,er,ir,or,ur,yr 读/,如 grammar,letter,circumference,doctor,murmur,martyr

8、,persist,western,eastern.4.o,u 处于词末时分别读/u/,/ju:/(即不弱化,按重读音节规则读)。如 cargo, Negro;menu.5.u在多音节词中,紧邻重读音节时,读/ju/(即轻度弱化)。如regular,popular,monument.6.a,i,y,u 在多音节动词中,处于约定开音节结尾中,按重读音节读。如isolate,advertise,analyse,substitute.7.y在多音节动词词末不弱化,读/ai/。如:satisfy,maltiply,occupy五、元音字母组合的读音规则1.au,aw读/:/,如 cause, aural

9、, launch, sauce, law, dawn.2.eu,ew(iew)读/ju:/,如 neutral, deuce;new, view,review.3.ou,ow 读/au/,如 house, loud;how,now, down.4.ai,ay 读/ei/,如 wait, aid;day, may.5.ei,ey 读/ei/,如 veil, weight;grey, they, convey6.oi,oy 读/i/,如 choice, oil;boy, toy.7.ea,ee读/ i:/,如eat, cheap;deep, need.8.ie,(c)ei读/i:/,如 field

10、, believe;receive, ceiling.9.oa读/u/,如 road, soap, boat.10.ue读/ju:/,如 Tuesday, value, pursue.11.air,aer读/e/,如 air,fair; aerial, aeroplane.12.ear,eer读/i/如ear, clear;beer, deer.13.our读/au/如 our, sour, hour.14.oo1.读/u/: 在字母k前(book,look,took)和在good,foot,stood,wood,wool 及其派生词(goodness,football,woolen等)中读/

11、u/。2.读/u:/: 在其余情况下读/u:/,如: cool,food,loose,room,zoo.3.读/ /: 在flood,blood及其派生词(flooding,bloodless等)中读/ /.15.igh 读/ai/,如 high, light, might, night.16. augh,ough读/:/,如 daughter, caught, taught;ought,fought, thought。17.oul 在could,should,would 中读/u/。六、几个非重读后缀或字母组合的读音规则1.a在后缀-ace,-ade,-age,-ate中读/i/,如 pal

12、ace,rade,village,accurate.2.e在后缀-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency中读/,如cruel,open,student,silence,fluency.3.i 在后缀-ible中读/, 如 possible.4.ai,ay,ei,ey在非重读音节中一般弱读为/i/,如mountain,Friday,forfeit,valley.5.-ful读/ful/,如 helpful, harmful, useful.6.-gue读/g/,如 dialogue, catalogue.7.-que 读/k/,如 cheque, picturesque.8.-ous读/

13、s/,如 famous, generous, nervous.9.-our 读/,如 favour, honour, labour.10.-ure 读/,如 figure, injure. 但在failure中读/j/. 11.-ow读/u/,如 window, yellow, pillow.12.-ture 读/,如 picture, culture, furniture.13.-sure 在元音字母后读/,如 closure, exposure. 在辅音字母后读/,如 pressure,flexure(x=ks).14.-ion 读/n/, 如 fashion, cushion.15.-t

14、ion读/n/ 如 nation, production, solution.16.-stion读/sn/, 如 question, sugestion, digestion.17.-sion在元音字母后读/n/,如 vsion, occasion, divsion; 在辅音字母后读/n/,如 discussion,impression,expansion.18.-ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi 在字母 a,e,o前读/,如: ocean; social;Asia;partial;Egyptian;suffcient;patient;prcious;Russian;anxious.19.

15、-i在字母d,t,n,l后,且在元音字母前,读/j/。如 audience,frontier,opinion,familar.20.-ed(过去式后缀) 在清辅音后读 /t/,如:worked, jumped, missed.在浊辅音和元音后读 /d/,如:robbed, begged;played,studied.在字母d,t 后读 /id/,如:needed, plnted.21.-(e)s(名词或动词词尾) 在清辅音后读/s/,如:desks, lamps, looks. 在浊辅音和元音后读/z/,如:pigs, pens, plays, goes.在/,z,s/等音后读/iz/,如:u

16、rges, watches, wishes, rses, faces.2.1 重读符号 1.单音节词单读时都重读,不需要用重读符号标注。双音节词和多音节词中,有的音节是重读音节,有的则是非重读音节,重读音节就要用重读符号标注。有些单词中,除重读音节和非重读音节外,还有次重读音节,也需要用重读符号标注。2. 在单词上直接标音时,重读符号()标在重读音节的后上方(如 reading);次重音符号()标在次重读音节的后下方(如 engineer)。请注意:直接标音法的重读符号,还具有分音节的作用,如 student 和 study, stu 是开音节,而stud是闭音节,故字母u的读法不同(见1.3

17、.1和1.3.2)。2.哑音符号( .) 可用来指出不读音的字母。标注了这个符号的字母,读音时可视若其无,其余的字母仍按前述读音规则读音。详见2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.3, 2.2.4.(1) 不读音的辅音字母。例如:knife, lamb, autumn, write, psychology, pneumonia, exhibit, rhyme, whistle, listen, hour.(2)不读音的元音字母。例如:heart, earn, learn, early, year, door, floor, roar, board, coarse, hoarse, four, p

18、our, course, touch, country, friend, build, young, people, though, owe, eye.(3)因强度弱化而不读音的元音字母。例如:vital, final, shorten, lessen, level, channel, devil, civil, esson, cotton, certain, curtain, poisonous, different, interesting.(4)哑e一般可以不用哑音符号,但容易引起混淆时仍需使用。例如:amuse amusement shame shamed becide becides

19、3.提醒符号( )用于:1.提醒发浊音,见2.3.1;2.提醒发音不符合前述读音规则,见2.3.2, 2.2.3,2.2.4;3.提醒其读音标在单词后面,见2.3.5.(1)提醒 s,th,x,f 发浊音/z/,/ /,/gz/,/v/。例如: visit, his, is;that, with, further, gather;exist, exam ;of.(2)提醒在非重读音节中 a,o,u不读/,而读/i/。例如: character, literature, temperature; hydrogen; minute.(3)提醒 e,i,y不读/i/,而读/。例如:cancel;Ap

20、ril,holiday;analysis(4)提醒在e,i,y 前g不读/,而读/。例如:get,gift,give,girl,begin,forget,target.(5)提醒该字母(组合)的读音用国际音标标注在单词后边。例如:machne /, chef/, grage/, regme/, fortune/, usual/, procedure/,soldier/ /, suite/w/, persuade/w/, dissuade/w/, clerk/:/, sew/u/, sewing/u/, suger/, sure/, busy/i/, busily/i/, bury/e/, bu

21、rial/e/, one/wn/.2.4四类重读音节符号2.4.1 闭音节符号( ): ,(), 分别读 /e/i/。2.4.2 开音节符号( ): a, e, i(y),o,u 分别读 /ei/i:/ai/u/ju:/。2.4.3 r音节符号( ): ar 读/:/, or读/:/, er, ir(yr),ur读/:/。2.4.4 re音节符号( ):are 读/e/, ere 读/i/, ire (yre) 读/ai/, ore 读 /:/ , ure/读/ju/.这些符号 主要用于标注读音规则的例外和区分容易混淆的音节,详见2.2.5,2.2.6,2.2.7,2.2.8。2.4.5有时在

22、非重读音节中元音不弱化,而按重读音节读, 这时就要用到这些符号。例如:concpt, ctober, dult hotel, female, biology expert, corridor, suburb empire, atmosphere, software duration, environmenal, periodic2.4.6 r音节和re音节容易混淆,有时要用r音节符号和re音节符号来区分。例如:vry, Amrica, mrit, frest, sprit; vary, hero, virus, oral, during scarce, scarcely, scarcity2.

23、4.7有时开音节和闭音节需要用相应符号来区分。例如:gve, lve, hve;condtion, vsion, spcial, defcient; typist, spacing, stony, wholly, striking, ninth; change, strange, chamber;cold,bolt, roll, gross, most, both, only, control; find, mind, child, mild.2.4.8 字母e在re,ar,ir前有时读/e/,这时也可用闭音节符号标注。例如: whre, thre, war, tar, thir*2.5 几个

24、直接标音符号 用来标注元音的特殊读音。详见2.5.1, 2.5.2, 2.5.3, 2.5.4.2.5.1=/:/:sk, dnce, fter, bth, c lm,c lf, grss, chnce, demnd, enhnce, crft, drft, stff,fther, lst, pth, rther, p lm, h lf, exmple, beh lf, unt, lugh, lughter.2.5.2=/i:/:lter, klo, antque, fatgue, marne, mosquto, routne, mgazne, automoble.2.5.3=/u:/: fl

25、id,rin, fr it, fr itful, j ice, cr ise, sit, rotine, group, wond, sop, rote, yoth, yothful2.5.4=/u:/:d,und, t, tw, wh, whm, whse, mve, mvement, remve, remval, prve, imprve, imprvement, apprve, apprval, lse, she.2.5.5u=/u/: bush, bullet,bulletin,butcher,cruel,cruelty, full,fully,fulfill, pull,pulley,

26、push,put.2.5.6o=/u/ ondo,into,woman,wolf,contour,poor.2.5.7=/i/: da,dal,recip,thorem, nglish,prtty,ral,msum,thory.2.6 借用国际音标直接标音 为了便于记忆有时可把相应的国际音标标注在字母上面,详见2.6.1, 2.6.2, 2.6.3, 2.6.4, 2.6.5.2.6.1在个别情况下,字母a读/e/。这时就可把国际音标/e/标在字母a上。例如:any,many,says,said.2.6.2在/w/音后,字母有时读/。这时就可把/标在a上。例如:want, wash, watc

27、h, watch, wander, wallet, watt, kilowatt, swallow, what;quality, qualitative, quantity, quantitative, quarrel, equal, equality.2.6.3 在字母l和d前,字母a有时读/:/. 这时可将:标在字母a上。例如:all, almost, ball. call, fall, hall, tall, wall, stall, install, recall, small, halt, salt, also, alter, always, already, altogether,

28、 although, alternate, alternative, water, false, chalk, talk, walk, abroad, broad, broadcast, broaden.2.6.4 字母o有时读/。这时也可将/标在其上。例如:come, become, comfort, comfomtable, company, compulsary, discomfort, front, confront, honey, love ,Monday, money, monkey, month, none, some, tongue, brother, above, nothing, another, other, cover, colour, dozen, worry, nion, sn, spnge, tn. .word.

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