《2022年自考英语英美文学选读要点总结精心整理版 .docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年自考英语英美文学选读要点总结精心整理版 .docx（7页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、英国Chapter1The Renaissance period（14 世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心；2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是由于古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心,人是万物之灵；3. Renaissance humanists found in then class
2、ics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充分的论据,来赞扬人性,并开头留意到人类是
3、崇高的生命,人可以不断进展完善自己,而且世界是属于他们的,供他们怀疑,探究以及享受；4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives ofthe English humanists.托马斯.摩尔,克利斯朵夫 .马洛和威廉 .莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表；5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国；6. The first period of the English R
4、enaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习仿照与同化的阶段；7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame
5、 the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的娴熟运用,语言的力度与气概,而最重要的是进展了修辞模式,即将格律 ,韵脚式,组织结构 ,意象比如 ,描述 与谈论都结合起来勾画出情感主题 ,并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来 .8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, WilliamShakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最闻名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛 ,威廉
6、 .莎士比亚与本 .约翰逊；9. Francis Bacon 1561-1626, the first important English essayist.费兰西斯 .培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家；(I) Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞10. The theme of Redcrosse is not“ Arms and the man,” but something more romantic -“ Fierce wars and faithful loves.”仙后的主题并非 “男人与武器 ”,而是更富浪漫颜色的 “残酷战争与忠贞爱情 ”；11. It is Spenser
7、 s idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as“ the poets poet. ”正是斯宾塞的抱负主义,对美的喜爱以及精致文雅的诗文韵律是他成为“诗人中的诗人 ”；(II) Christopher Marlowe克利斯朵夫 .马洛12. As the most gifted of the“ University Wits,” Marlowe composepdlasyisx within his short lifetime. Among them the most import
8、ant are: Tamburlaine, Parts I & II, Dr.Faustus, The Jew ofMalta and Edward II.马洛是当时 “高校才子 ”中最富才华的人,在他短暂的一生中,他完成了六部剧本的创作；其中最负盛名的是：帖木尔,浮士德博士的悲剧,马耳他岛的犹太人以及爱德华二世；13. Marlowe s greatest achieve ment lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it theprincipal medium of English drama.马洛的艺术成就在于他完善了无韵
9、体诗,并使之成为英国戏剧中最重要的文体形式；14. Marlowe s second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.马洛的其次项奉献是他制造了文艺复兴时期的英雄形象；15. His brilliant achievement as a whole raised him to an eminence as the pioneer of English drama. 他对戏剧进展的奉献是不行磨灭的,为此,它被后世尊为英国戏剧的先驱；16. The passionate shepherd t
10、o his love激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘This short poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics in English literature.这首短诗是英国文学诗中最美丽的抒情诗；(III) William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronic
11、us; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love s Labour s Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段,他创作了五部历史剧：亨利六世,理查三世,泰托斯.安东尼以及四部喜剧：错误的戏剧,维洛那二绅士,驯悍记和爱的白费；18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II,and He
12、nry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and twotragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在其次阶段,他写了五部历史剧 :理查三世 ,约翰王 ,亨利四世 ,亨利五世以及六部喜剧仲夏夜之梦 ,威尼斯商人 ,无事生非 ,皆大喜悦 ,第十二夜 ,温莎的风流娘儿们 ,仍有两
13、部悲剧:罗密欧与朱丽叶和裘利斯 .凯撒 .19. Shakespeare s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies.The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra,Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are All s Well That Ends and Measure f
14、or Measure.第三阶段产生了莎翁最宏大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧（或悲喜剧）,悲剧有：哈姆雷特,奥赛罗,李尔王麦克白安东尼与克利奥佩特拉 特罗伊勒斯与克利西达及克里奥拉那斯；两部喜剧是终成眷属和一报仍一报；20. The last period of Shakespeare s work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies:Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter s Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Ki
15、nsmen.最终一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：伯里克利辛白林冬天的故事与暴风雨；他最终两部剧是亨利八世与鲁克里斯受辱记；21. Shakespeare s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet s own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果；22. Shakespeare s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessi
16、ty.莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题：在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家,统一是特别必要的；23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play.在他的浪漫喜剧中,莎士比亚以乐观的态度对待爱情与青春,并将浪漫颜色渲染到极致；24. The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogiz
17、es the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness.莎翁在其胜利的浪漫主义悲剧罗密欧与朱丽叶,颂扬了对爱的忠贞及对幸福的追求；25. Shakespeare s greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in common. Each portrays some noble hero.莎士比亚的四大悲剧是：哈姆雷特奥赛罗李尔王麦克白26. “ The King s go
18、vernment must be carried onbu”t carried on for the good of the nation, notfor the pleasure of the king.国王“的统治肯定要万古不变 ” 但是这种流传百世万古不变的统治是有利于国家利益的,而不是只为国王自己服务.27. Thus, he finds no way to solve the social problems. In the end, the only thing he can do as a humanist is to escape from the reality to seek
19、 comfort in his dream.正因如此,他才无力寻求到医治各种社会痼疾的灵丹妙药,最终,他作为人文主义所能做的唯独事情便是躲避现实,从梦幻中找劝慰；28. He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality.他认为文学应当是真善美的结合,应当反映天性与现实；29. Shakespeare is above all writers in the past and in the present time
20、.古往今来,没有一个作家能与莎士比亚媲美,他对后世文学家的潜移默化也是无可估量的；30. Almost all English writers after him have been influenced by him either in artistic point of view, in literary form or in language.在他之后几乎全部的英国文学家都在艺术观点,文学形式及语言技巧方面受到他的影响；31. Sonnet 18 is one of the most beautiful sonnets written by Shakespeare.十四行诗第十八首诗莎翁
21、最杰出的十四行诗；(IV) Francis Bacon弗兰西斯 .培根32. The most import works of his first group include The Advancement of Learning, Written in English; Novum Organum , an enlarged Latin version of The Advancement of Learning.培根的作品可分为三类：第一类中最重要的作品有学术的进展（用英文著述）新工具（是学术的进展的拉丁文增补版）33. One is the knowledge obtained from
22、 the Divine Revelation, the other is the knowledge fromthe workings of human mind.他将学问分为两种：一种是通过神的启示获得的学问,另一种是通过人类用脑摸索而获得的学问；34. According to Bacon, man s understanding consists of three parts: history to man s mepoe try to man s imagination and creation, and philosophy to man s r培ea根so认n为.,人类的熟悉与学问
23、分为三部分 :基于人类回忆的历史学 ,基于人类想象力制造力的诗歌与基于人类理性的哲学.35. Bacon, as a humanist intellect, shows the new empirical attitudes toward truth about natureand bravely challenges the medieval scholasticist.作为人文主义者的培根呈现了自己对于自然界真理的试验主义态度 ,并向中世纪的经院哲学家们提出挑战 .36. Bacon s essays are famous for their brevity, compactness an
24、d powerfulness.培根的散文以简洁 ,紧凑,有力度而闻名；37. The essays are well-arranged and enriched by biblical allusions, metaphors and cadence.这些散文不仅结构奇妙仍大量使用了圣经的典故,隐喻和基调 .38. Of Studies论学习Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.读书使人充实 ,争论使人机灵 . VJohn Donne约翰.邓恩39. The imagery is
25、drawn from the actual life.诗中的意象都是从现实生活中提取的；40. His poems give a more inherently theatrical impression by exhibiting a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes and a free range of feelings and moods.他的诗歌给人一种固有的戏剧性,呈现了看上去零散多样的经受与观念 ,以及漫无边际的情感与心境 .41. The Sons and Sonnets, by which D
26、onne is probably best known, contains most of his early lyrics. 歌与短歌是邓恩最出名的诗集,囊括了他早期大多数爱情诗作；42. In his gloomypoem “ Farewell to love, ” wecan see his disillusionment.在悲伤的诗作辞别爱情中 ,我们就可以感受到他对爱情幻想的破灭；43. With the brief, simple language, the argument is continuous throughout the poem.谈论依附于一种简洁平白的语言,并贯穿于
27、整首诗作 . VIJohn Milton约翰.弥尔顿44. he was entirely occupied with the thoughts of fighting for human freedom.他头脑中布满了为人类自由而战的思想；45. Milton s literary achievements can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the great poem.弥尔顿的文学作品可分为三类：早期诗作,中期的散文小册子和后期的宏大诗作；46.
28、Milton wrote his three major poetical works: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes.他的三部宏大诗作：失乐园复乐园和力士参孙；47. The theme of Paradise Lost is the“ Fall of Man”. Inl othfemfanl Adam discovered his fullhumanity.失乐园的主题是人类的沉沦；在沉沦之中,亚当发觉了自己身上的人性；48. Milton held that God created all things ou
29、t of Himself, including evil.他认为上帝是根据他自己的样子造出的世界,其中也包括罪责；49. It opens the way for the voluntary sacrifice of Christ which showed the mercy of God in bringing good out of evil.为基督自愿献身开创了道路,这也显示出上帝欲将人类从罪责与苦难中挽救出来的怜悯心；50. In Samson Agonistes, the whole poem strongly suggests Milton s passionate longing
30、 that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own life.在力士参孙中,整首诗都剧烈示意着弥尔顿希望他自己也能像参孙一样,以生命为代价,与敌人同归于尽；51. In his life, Milton shows himself a real revolutionary, a master poet and a great prose writer.弥尔顿毕生都呈现了真正的革命精神和特殊的诗歌才华；52. Paradise Lost: 人类由于理性不强,意志薄弱,经不起考查,示意英国自产主义革命失败的缘由；