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1、Starter Module 1 My teacher and my friends主系表结构主系表结构由“主语 +系动词+表语”构成,系动词主要是指 be 动词,其变形 am, is, are的基本意思为“是” ,用来说明某人的年龄、身份、身体状况等, 在英语中起着特别重要的作用;1. 确定句式为:主语 +am/is/are+其他;Iama student.我是一名同学;(说明主语的身份)主语系动词表语They are my friends.他们是我的伴侣;2. 动词 be 的否定式就是在其后加not,且可以缩写为“ isnt,arent”,但是 am 与 not 不能缩写;He is no
2、t a teacher.He isnt a teacher.他不是一名老师;You are not Chinese.You arent Chinese.你/ 你们不是中国人;3. be 动词的一般疑问句式是把 be 动词提至句首,第一个字母要大写,句末用问号;This is a map.这是一张地图;Is this a map.这是一张地图吗?They are from Xinjiang.他们来自新疆;Are they from Xinjiang.他们来自新疆吗? 语法专练一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空;1. Ia boy in Class Two.2. Damingmy good frie
3、nd.3. she a student.4. Whereyou from? Wefrom England.5. HowTony and Betty. Theyfine.二、句型转换;1. He is in Class Four. (改为否定句) Hein Class Four.2. We are from England. 改 为否定句 Wefrom England.3. I am from Beijing. 改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答 from Beijing. , I .4. Daming is twelve years old. 改为一般疑问句,并作确定回答 Daming twelve
4、 years old. , he.18Starter Module 2 My English lesson祈使句1. 祈使句可用来表示命令、恳求和建议等意义的句子;它的主语you 通常省略,谓语动词用原形,表达的是将来的动作;句末用感叹号或句号;Stand up, please. 请站起来;Sit down.坐下!2. 为了表示委婉的语气,可在句首或句尾加上please,但 please加在句尾时,前面要用逗号隔开;Please put up your hands.请举手;Close your books, please.请合上书;3. 为了明确向对方提出恳求或发出命令,可加称呼语,但称呼语要
5、用逗号与句子隔开;Open your books, boys and girls.同学们打开你们的书;Please listen to me, Lingling.玲玲,请听我说;基数词1. 基数词就是用来表示数量的单词; 英语中就基数词提问时, 用 how many;How many boys are there in your clas?s 你们班里有多少男生?There are nineteen boys.有 19 个男孩;2. 基数词的书写;110:one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten 1120: eleven
6、,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen,twenty整十: ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety其他数字:整十 -个位数twenty-two22forty-five45fifty-three53语法专练一、用祈使句表达下面图片的内容;1. 请写在黑板上;2. 举起你的手;3. 星期三我们一起去游泳吧;二、写出对应的英语数词;8 29 12 83 20 46 19 94 Starter Mo
7、dule 3 My English book特别疑问句1. 特别疑问句由特别疑问词来引导;目前我们学过what, how, how many, how old, what colour等引导的一般疑问句;Whats your name, pleasse.请问你叫什么名字?How are you.你好吗?How many boys are there.这里有多少男孩?How old are you.你多大了?What colour is the cat.这只猫是什么颜色的?2. 特别疑问句的语序为“特别疑问词 +一般疑问句”,特别疑问词在句中有两个作用:一是起引导作用,二是在句中担当肯定的句子成
8、分;Whats your telephone number.你的电话号码是多少? How do you spell “pencil”.你怎样拼写“ pencil”? Whats this in English.这个用英语怎么说?What class are you in.你在哪个班? 语法专练依据答语写出问句1. It s a map.2. It s black.3. It s C-L-A-S-S-R-O-O-M.4. Im fine, thank you.5. Im Mike.6. It s 987654321.7. Im in Class Three, Grade Seven.8. Im
9、twelve.9. There are 54 students in my class.Starter Module 4 My everyday life特别疑问句what 引导的特别疑问句,可以询问星期几,天气,最喜爱的体育运动,在几年级几班等等;1. 特别疑问词 what day 提问星期几; 这是常用 it 来指代时间作主语, 也可以用 today, tomorrow等名词作主语;答语用 It is或 Today/Tomorrow is ;What day is it today.今日星期几?It is Monday.今日星期一;What day is it tomorrow.明天星期几
10、?Tomorrow is Tuesday.明天星期二;2. 询问天气用 What s the weather like.来提问, what s 是 what is 的缩写;依据句意表达需要,句型后可以加时间或地点状语,同时显现时间和地点时,一般先说地点后说时间;答语用it 来指代天气;Whats the weather like in Xian in summer.夏天西安的天气怎么样?It s hot.天气很热;3. Whats your favourite. 用来提问“你最喜爱的 , 是, ”,favourite后跟名词;答语用 It s或直接用名词作简略回答;Whats your fav
11、ourite day.你最喜爱星期几?Sunday.星期天;Whats your favourite animal.你最喜爱的动物是什么?It s dog.是狗;语法专练依据答语完成对话中的特别疑问句;1. today. Today is Wednesday.2. . It s yellow.3. in summer. Swimming.4. your favourite sport. Basketball.5. in autumn. It s cool.Module 1 My classmatesbe 动词的用法一、动词 be 作谓语时,和后面的表语一起构成系表结构, 说明主语的身份、年龄、
12、状态等;1. 说明身份;Im your teacher and youre my students.我是你们的老师, 你们是我的同学;Tony and Betty are our friends.托尼和贝蒂是我们的伴侣;2. 说明年龄;Im thirteen years old.我 13 岁;Emma is thirteen years old too.艾玛也是 13 岁;3. 说明状态;We are in our classroom now.我们现在在老师里;Shanghai is a very big city.上海是一个特别大的城市;It s nice to see you all he
13、re.在这儿看到大家特别兴奋;二、be 动词的常用句式;1. 陈述句是“主语 +be+表语+其他”;She is a new student in my class.她是我们班上新来的同学;2. 一般疑问句把 be 提到主语之前, 构成疑问句语序, 即“Be+主语+其他”;She is from England.她来自英格兰;Is she from England.她来自英格兰吗? I am from China.我来自中国;Are you from China.你来自中国吗? We are good friends.我们是好伴侣; Are you good friends.你们是好伴侣吗?留
14、意第一人称其次人称3. 特别疑问句是“特别疑问词 +be 动词的一般疑问句”;Where are you from.你来自哪里? 语法专练Tony: Hi, my nameTony. Whatyour name. Daming: Hi, Tony. IDaming. Whereyou from.Tony: I m from London. It a very big city. This Jack, and thisBetty. Theymy friends.Daming: Itnice to meet you, Jack and Betty.Jack and Betty: Nice to m
15、eet you too. How oldyou, Daming. Daming: Im twelve years old. What about you.Tony: Itwelve years old too. Jack and Bettythirteen years old.Module 2 My familythis, these, that, those1. this, that, these和 those在英语中称作指示代词; this 和 that 是单数,复数是 these和 those;指示代词含有方向性,用来指示或标识人或物;this, these 指较近的人或物, that,
16、 those指较远的人或物;This is my family photo. 这是我的全家照;Thats my pencil.那是我的铅笔;These are my parents.这是我的父母;Those are Uncle Pauls son and daughter.那是保罗叔叔的儿子和女儿;2. 指示代的疑问句是把助动词提到指示代词之前,答语中this, that 一般用it 代替, these和 those用 they 代替;This is a farm.这是一个农场;(确定句)Is this a farm.这是一个农场吗?(一般疑问句)Yes, it is.是的,它是;(确定回答)
17、No, it isnt.不,它不是;(否定回答)Those aremy grandparents.那是我的外祖父母;(确定句)留意人称变化Are those your grandparents.那是你的外祖父母吗?(一般疑问句)Yes, they are.是的,他们是;(确定回答)No, they arent.不,他们不是;(否定回答)3. 指示代词可以单独使用,也可修饰名词;These are desks and those are chairs.这些是桌子,那些是椅子;These boys are from Class One. Those girls are from Class Two
18、.这些男孩来自一班;那些女孩来自二班;语法专练用 this, that, these, those, they, i填t 空;1. Look here. What s . is a photo of my family.2. Can you see the man over there. Is Lilys father.3. Areyour books in this bag. No, arent.4. Are these boys from America.Yes,are.5. Are Uncle Pauls son and daughter in that photo. Yes,are.M
19、odule 3 My schoolthere be句型的用法1. there be句型表示“某处有某物” 或“某处有某人” 等,各种句式见下表: 确定否定疑问回答There is a computer on the teachers desk.老师的讲桌上有台电脑;There is some hot water for you.给你预备了些热水;There are some buildings in our school.在我们学校里有一些建筑物;There isn ctomputer on the teachers desk.老师的讲桌上没有电脑;There isnt any hot wat
20、er for you.没有给你预备热水;There arent any buildings in our school.在我们学校里没有建筑物;Is there a computer on the teachers desk.老师的讲桌上有电脑吗?Is thereanyhot water for me. 有给我预备热水吗?Are there any buildings in your school.你们学校有一些建筑物吗?Yes, there is. 是的,有;No, thereisnt.不,没有;Yes, there is.是的,有;No, thereisnt.不,没有;Yes, there
21、are.是的,有;No, there arent.不,没有;2. there be 句型中的主语是 be 动词后的名词,所以 be 动词的单复数取决于be 动词后名词的单复数形式, 留意 be 动词的单复数遵循就近原就, 即第一个名词的单复数打算 be 动词的单复数;There is some furniture and books in the library.图书馆里有一些家具和书籍;There are some books and furniture in the library.图书馆里有一些书和家具;语法专练按要求完成以下题目;1. There are some computers
22、in the classroom(.改为否定句) in the classroom.2. There are some pictures on the wal(l. 改为一般疑问句并作确定和否定回答) on the wall. , . , .3. There is a television and some computers in the computer room(.句)改为同义 and a television in the computer room.4. There are six science labs in the science building(. 对画线部分提问) in
23、the science building.介词或介词短语表示方位一、英语中的介词或介词短语可以表示方位; 介词又称前置词, 它不能单独作句子的成分, 必需与句词、 代词或相当于名词的其他词类、 短语构成介词短词才能充当句子的成分;1. at 在(某地点):at the station 在车站at school 在学校2. in 在, 上 /里: in the playground 在操场上in the library 在图书馆里3. on 在, 上: on the desk 在桌面上 on the blackboard 在黑板上4. near 在邻近: near the school gate
24、在学校大门邻近near the hotel 在旅社邻近5. behind 在, 后面: behind the building 在建筑物的后面behind the wall在墙的后面6. on the left/right 在左/右边7. in front of 在, 前面(不在物体范畴内)The library is in front of the science building.图书馆在科学楼的前面;8. in the front of(在物体范畴内)The teachers desk is in the front of the classroom.老师的讲桌在教室的前面;9. in
25、the middle of在, 中间The playground is in the middle of the school.操场在学校的中间;10. between在, 之间 between and在, 和, 之间The library is between the dining hall and the science lab. 图书馆在餐厅和科学试验室之间;二、介词短语在句中的作用:1. 修饰名词,位于名词的后面,翻译常常依据汉语习惯放在名词前;The building on the left is the sports hall.左边的建筑物是体育馆;2. 位于 be 动词的后面,说
26、明主语所处的位置;The sports hall is on the left.体育馆在左边;3. 修饰动词,说明动作发生的地点;Write it on the left.把它写在左边;语法专练1. Is Tony Toms right.Yes. Tom isthe leftTony.2. Is the librarythe sports hall. No, it s in front of it.3. Where is the library.It s the school gate.4. The office building isthe library and the science b
27、uilding.5. Lets put up some pictures the wall.6. There are many peoplethe station.Module 4 Healthy food1. have/has got的用法;have/has got的用法have/has got意为“有,拥有” ,用于口语中,同 have/has;第三人称单数用has,其他人称用 have;确定句句型为“主语 +have/has got +名词或代词”,变疑问句时把 have/has提到主语之前;变否定句时,在 have/has后加 not;答语中使用助动词 have/has来回答;助动词
28、have/has可以和主语构成缩写形式, 也可以和not 构成缩写形式 havent 或 hasnt;We havegot some meat in the fridge. = Weve got some meat in the fridge.我们冰箱里仍有些肉;She has gotsome chocolate. (确定句) 她有一些巧克力;Shehasnt got any chocolate. (否定句)她没有巧克力;Has she gotany chocolate. (一般疑问句) 她有一些巧克力吗?Yes, she has. 是的,她有;No, she hasnt.不,她没有;2. h
29、ave/has got与 there be句型;两者民“有”相关, have/has got表示“拥有,有”,即一种所属关系,主语通常是人或机构、组织等; there be句型的“有”表示某地有某物或某人,强调的是一种客观存在,主语是 there be句型后的名词或代词;Tony has got two basketballs.托尼有两个篮球;There are two basketballs behind the door.门后面有两个篮球;留意:表示机构或组织“有”时, there be句型或 have/has got有时可以通用;Our school has a large playgr
30、ound. 我们学校有一个大操场;There is a large playground in our school. 我们学校里有一个大操场;语法专练句型转换1. She has got some chocolate(.改为否定句)She chocolate.2. I have got some rice for meals everyday. (改为一般疑问句并做否定回答) rice for meals every day. , .3. Our school has six buildings. (改为同义句) in our school.some, any的用法some表达的是一个确定的
31、概念,表示“一些” ,因此常用于确定句中;当我们不知道是否有某物 /人时,用 any;any 常用于疑问句或否定句中, 强调“任何”;some, any既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不行数名词;Weve got somenoodles for breakfast.我们早餐吃面条;Have you got any noodles for breakfast.你早餐吃面条了吗?There isnt any furniture in the new house.在新居里没有任何的家具;留意:some用于疑问句时, 是说话者持确定的语气, 期望得到确定的回答;any 用于确定句时,起强调作用,表示“任何
32、” ;The fish is delicious. Would you like some.这鱼很可口;你想要一些吗?Any time is OK. I m free.任何时间都行,我有空;语法专练用 some和 any 填空;1. Are theremaps on the wall. Yes, there are.2. Have you gotuncles.Yes, and I have gotaunts too.3. There ismeat and fish for lunch.4. We havent got beef. Lets buy .5. Is therecheese. No,
33、 there isnt .一、名词的分类;可数句词与不行数名词英语名词与汉语名词不同,有 可数和不行数之分;有些物质名词和抽象名词如 water 水, milk 牛奶, meat 肉, rice 米饭, time时间, work 工作等,属于不行数名词,即无法用详细的数词来修饰;有些名词是可数名词, 如 boy 男孩,girl 女孩,student 同学,desk 桌子,potato 土豆, building 建筑物等,可加详细的数词来修饰,如 two boys 两个男孩, some buildings 一些建筑物等;二、常见的可数名词单数变复数的规章单数变复数分为 规章变化 和不规章变化 两
34、种;1. 规章变化如下表:条件变化形式例词一般情形直接加-spen-pens,map-maps, noodle- noodlesbus-buses,box-boxes,以 s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词加-es以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的把 y 变成 i,再加 -es单词有生命的单词加 -es以 o 结尾的单词无生命的单词加 -swash-washes, watch-watches country-countries,baby-babies,story-stories, family-familieshero-heroes,potato-pot atoes,tomato-tomatoes p
35、iano-pianos,radio-radios,photo-photos以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词把 f、fe 变成-vesknife-knives,leaf-leaves,life-lives2. 不规章变化需要特别记忆,如 child-children 儿童, woman-women 女人, foot-feet 脚, tooth-teeth 牙齿等,仍有 Chinese 中国人, Japanese日本人, sheep 羊等单复数同形;语法专练用全部单词的适当形式填空;1. Therebe somepotato andtomato here.2. Wherebe the milk. I
36、want somemilk with sugar.3. Manychild like cola. But cola and ice creambe not healthy.4. Therebe meat and fish for dinner. Meat and fishbe healthy.5. What have we got at home.Weve got lots of fruit and vegetable.6. How manywoman teachers are there in your school.7. I want to eatnoodle with someegg.8
37、. Some sweet foodbe not good for yourteeth.Module 5 My school Day行为动词的一般现在时1. 行为动词也叫实义动词,即具有明确动作意义的动词;和系动词 be 不一样,行为动词在句中可以独立作谓语;而系动词be 要和后面的的表语一起构成系表结构作谓语;We are all busyon weekdays.我们在工作日都很忙;Lingling s mother works at the theatre玲玲的妈妈在剧院工作;I do my homework after super andgo to bed at ten oclock.晚饭
38、后我做作业,在 10 点钟上床睡觉;2. 行为动词分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词后面跟宾语,即动作的对象;不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语;(1) )后面必需跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词, 叫做及物动词transitive verb,缩写 vt.We start lessons at half past one in the afternoon.我们下午 1 点半开头上课;How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多久呢?(2) )本身意义完整,后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词intransitive verb,缩写 vi.;如不及物动词后要跟宾语, 必需
39、先在其后添加上某个介词 ,如 to,of ,at 等后方可跟上宾语;详细每个动词后到底加什么介词就得联系动词短语了;Birds can fly .小鸟会飞;Many people waitat the station.很多人在车站等候;Pleaselisten to me.请听我说;3. 英语中常常反复发生的动作用一般现在时态;行为动词一般现在时的疑 问句或否定句要借助于 助动词 do/does来构成;第三人称单数用 does;变成疑问句时把 do/does提前;变否定句时,在 do/does后面加 not,可以缩写为 dont/doesnt;I have breakfast at 7 ocl
40、ock.(确定句)我早上七点吃早餐;I dont have breakfast at 7 oclock.(否定句)我不是早上七点吃早餐;Do you have breakfast at 7 oclock.(一般疑问句)你是早上七点吃早餐吗?Yes, I do.是的,我是;No, I dont.不,我不是;She goes to school today.(确定句) 今日她去学校;Shedoesnt go to school today.(否定句)今日她不去学校;Does she go to school today.(一般疑问句)今日她去学校吗?Yes, she does.是的,她去;No,
41、she doesnt.不,她不去;时间表达法1. 表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的oclock;5:00 读作 five oclock或 five2. 表示“几点过几分”,在分钟后加 past,再加小时(用于不超过半点时) ;6:07读作seven past six六点过七分8:10读作ten past eight八点过特别7:30读作half past seven七点半9:15读作a quarter past nine九点过一刻3. 表示“几点差几分” ,在分钟后面加 to,再加小时(用于超过半点时) ;7:50 读作 ten to seven差特别钟八点11:55 读作 five to tw
42、elve差五分钟十二点10: 45 读作 a quarter to eleven差十五分钟十一点4. 直接表达法; 以小时、分钟为单位分别读出数学;数字“0”读作字字母“ O”,而不是 zero;6:31 读作 six thirty-one 10: 26 读作 ten twenty-six 14: 03 读作 fourteen o three 语法专练用 at, to,past 写出以下时间1. 4:00 2. 6:20 3. 8:30 4. 10:50 5. 7:45 Module 6 A trip to the zoo行为动词一般现在时第三人称单数的各种句式1. 否定句式;行为动词一般现在
43、时第三人称单数的否定句式是在动词前加does not构成, 可以缩写成 doesnt;后跟动词原形;即: 主语+doesnt+动词原形 +其他;The elephant doesnt eat meat.大象不吃肉;She doesnt like hamburgers.她不喜爱吃汉堡包;2. 疑问句式;行为动词一般现在时第三人称单数变为疑问句时,在句首加助动词does 构成,后跟动词原形;即: Does +主语+动词原形 +其他;其简略回答形式用“ Yes,主语+助动词 does”或“ No, 主语+助动词 does+not”; Does the elephant eat plants.大象吃植
44、物吗? Yes, it does.是的,它吃;No, it doesnt.不,它不吃;留意: 在以 have 或 has为主要动词的句子中,可以直接将动词have 或 has 提前放于句首构成一般疑问句,也可以在句首加动词do 或 does 构成, have或has一律用原形 have;The zoo has got many kinds of animals.这个动物园里有很多种动物;Has the zoo got many kinds of animals.这个动物园里有很多种动物吗?Does the zoo have got many kinds of animals.这个动物园里有很多种动物吗?3. 行为动词的第三人称单数的构成;一般情形下直接加 swork-works, read-reads, like-likes以“辅音字母 +o”结尾加 esgo-goes, do-does以 s, x, ch, sh结尾加 eswash-washes, watch-watches以“辅音字母 +y”结尾,把 y 变成 i,再加 es;study-studies, carry-carries语法专练一、用所给动词的适当形式填空;1