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1、八年级上册英语外研版 新各模块学问点归纳总结全_文档151. advice英语初二上册重点学问点讲解Module 1 How to learn English（ 1）意思是“看法,建议” ,为不行数名词,可用some, much, a piece of, pieces of 等修饰, 不能说 an advice 或 many/a few advices ；（ 2）表示“有关的建议”时,用介词on,接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式；e.g. Let s ask for his advice on what to do next.常见搭配： take/follow one s advice接受某
2、人建议ask for advice征求看法拓展：advise vt建议常见搭配： advise sb. to do sth.e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now.老师建议我现在就离开；2. Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends.每次你将会学习一些新东西；我也建议你和伴侣们谈论电影或歌曲；time 用法：（ 1） time 指“时间”用作不行数名词,前面可much, little
3、, a lot of, plenty of等修饰；（ 2）当作“次数；倍数”讲时,time 是可数名词；e.g.I have been to Beijing three times.（ 3） time 构成的短语：at a time一次, 每一次at one time曾经,一度at times /from time to time 有时,有时 all the time总是,始终in time 准时,迟早 on time 准时（ 4） time 构成的句型： It s time for sb. to do sth./It s high time sb. did sth. 该是某人干的时间了；e.
4、g. It s time for children to go to bed. 是小孩睡觉的时候了；It s high time that we started. 我们该动身了； each time（每次）, next time （下次）, the first/last time （第一次 /最终一次的时候）等；e.g. The last time I went to China, I visited Shanghai.我上次到中国时,游玩了上海；3. I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and pla
5、ce them in your room.我建议你一天把四个或者五个单词写在纸上并且放在你的房间里；suggest,做动词,表示“建议,提议”的意思,对应的名词是suggestion；suggest 的用法：I suggested his / him giving up the idea.我建议他舍弃那念头；She suggested that the class meeting should not be held on Saturday.Module 2 My home town and my country1. It is on the River Cam and has a popul
6、ation of about 120,000.它（剑桥）位于康河河畔,人口约为12 万；population n.意思是“人口,居民” ,它是一个集体名词 ,常用单数形式； population 常与定冠词 the 连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式；e.g. The world s population is increasing faster and faster. 当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式；e.g. About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.中国大约有百分之七
7、十的人口是农夫； 有时 population 可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词；e.g. China has a population of about 1.3 billion.中国大约有十三亿人口；表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“ much”或“ little ” ,而要用“ large”或“ small ”；e.g. India has a large population. 印度人口众多； 询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用“Howmuch.？”,而用“ Howlarge.？”；在问详细人口时用“ What. ？”；e.g. What is the population of Canada
8、 ？ The population of Canada is about 29 million.加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万；2. It has a population of about seven and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge.它大约有 750 万人口,所以比剑桥更大更繁忙；（ 1） million 是数词,意思是“百万” ；它的用法如下： 当与详细数字连用时,习惯上用单数,而且也不后接介词of ；e.g. three million people三百万人当不与详细数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数
9、时,就不仅要用复数,而且要后接介词of , 然后才能接名词；e.g. A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds.一个马虎的错误使公司蒙受数百镑的缺失；拓展：与 million 有相同用法的数词仍有：hundred（百） , thousand（千） , billion （十亿）；学习形容词的比较级的规章变化及用法；（ 1）规章变化：类别构成方法原级比较级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加 -erlong tall不发音的 e 结尾时加 -rlatelarge辅音字母加 y 结尾时把y easylonger taller later
10、 largereasier变 i,再加 -er重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时,双写最终的辅音字母,再加 -erhappy big hothappier bigger hotter（ 2）形容词比较级用法 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A +比较级+than+B ”；e.g.Li Lei s room is bigger than mine. 李雷的房间比我的大；This mooncake is nicer than that one. 这块月饼比那块好吃； 有表示程度的副词a little , a bit , a few , a lot , muc
11、h, even, still , far, rather, any 等修饰时,用形容词比较级；e.g.I feel even worse now. 我现在觉得更难过了；It is much colder today than before. 今日比以前冷得多；比较级前面可以加上表示详细数量差别结构,表示详细“大多少” ,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等；e.g.I am two years older than he. 我比他大两岁；This building is 20 meters higher than that one. 这栋楼房比那栋高20 米；表示“两者之间最一个of the
12、two ”时,常用“ the+比较级”结构；e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins.Mary 是双胞胎中的高个子；表示“越来越” ,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“ more and more+ 形容词原级” ；e.g.It s getting warmer and warmer in spring. 春每天气变得越来越温和；Module 3 Sports进一步学习形容词和副词的比较级规章变化和不规章变化（ 1）规章变化：类别构成方法原级比较级多音节词和部分双音节词（ 2）不规章变化：在原级前加 morecareful
13、 beautiful在原级前加 lessimportantusefulmore careful more beautiful less important less useful原级比较级good/well （身体好的）bettermany/muchmorebad/illworselittlelessfarfarther 较远 further 进一步 oldolderelder 较年长的 （ 3）形容词和副词比较级用法 表示“越就越”时,用“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构；e.g.The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越兴奋；Module
14、4 Planes, ships and trains学习形容词和副词的最高级的规章变化和不规章变化及其用法（ 1）规章变化：类别构成方法原级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加 -estlong tall不发音的 e 结尾时加 -stlatelarge辅音字母加y 结尾时把 y easylongest tallest latest largest easiest变 i,再加 -est重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时,双写最终的辅音字母,再加 -esthappybig hothappiestbiggest hottest多音节词和部分双音节词（ 2）不规章变化：在原级前加 mostcare
15、ful beautiful在原级前加 leastimportantusefulmost careful most beautiful least important least useful原级最高级good/well （身体好的）bestmany/muchmostbad/illworstlittleleastfarfarthest更远的 furthest 最大程度 oldoldest/eldest较年长的 （ 3）形容词最高比较级用法 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式；形容词最高级前必需加定冠词the,句末常跟一个 in/of 短语来表示范畴；e.g.He is the s
16、trongest of the three boys.在三个男孩子中,他是最强壮的；Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市； 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行挑选时,用“ Which/Who is+the+ 最高级, A ,B or C ？”结构；e.g.Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou？ 哪个城市最美丽,北京,上海仍是福州？ 表示“最的之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式；e.g.Zhou Ji
17、elun is one of the most popular singers. 周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一； 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最”；e.g.The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China.长江是中国第一大长河； 形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词,指示代词, 名词全部格等修饰, 但此时不能再用定冠词the；e.g.This is our last lesson today.这是我们今日的最终一节课； 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义；e.g.Li Lei is the tallest student in
18、 his class. 李雷是班上最高的同学；=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他任何一个同学都高；=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class. 李雷比班上其他全部的同学都高；Module 5 Lao She Teahouse重点学问讲解1. offer 做动词,意思是“供应；提议；提出”；常用的搭配： offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.把某物赐予某人e.g.The young man offered the ol
19、d man his own seat on the bus.=The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus.那个年轻人在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那位老人； offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事e.g.She offered to lend me her bike. 她提出将自行车借给我；2. Showshow 做及物动词,意为“展现；显示；给看”,show 后可接双宾语；show sb. sth.或 show sth. to sb.给某人看或者展现某物e.g.Show me your pen, plea
20、se. =Show your pen to me, please. 请让我看一下你的钢笔；Show your tickets, please. 请出示车票；此外, show 仍可用作名词,意为“展览；陈设；演出”,常构成短语on show,意为“陈设,展览” ；e.g. His pictures are on show now. 他的画现在正在展览；难点学问讲解：动词不定式（I）（ 1）动词不定式的构成确定形式： to+动词原形否定形式： not to do（ 2）动词不定式作宾语的用法动词不定式置于谓语动词之后,作动词的宾语,说明意图、期望或打算的内容；常见的后面接“ to 十动词原形” 作
21、宾语的动词有： plan, decide, hope, want, would like ,agree, offer, try, like, love 等；留意：某些及物动词可用-ing 也可用动词不定式作宾语,但意义不同的有：Module 6 Animals in danger1. 形容词变成副词的规律；一般在形容词的词尾加-ly 可以变成副词； 例如：quick quickly, slow slowly, loud loudly, sudden suddenly 等；特别情形：构成方法例子一些以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,要把y 改为i 再加 -ly ；happy happily, an
22、gry angrily有些以 -ble 或-le 结尾的形容词,去掉e 加-y ；possible possiblyterrible terribly以-l 结尾的形容词变为副词时仍旧要在词尾加-ly ；careful carefully温馨提示：副词修饰行为动词；如：He is very careful.He does everything carefully第一句中 is 是连系动词,用形容词careful ；其次句中修饰行为动词does 用副词 carefully ；常考形容词和副词辨析有：hard 努力 hardly几乎不； late 迟的, 晚的 lately 近来； deep深 d
23、eeply 深深地； near 靠近 nearly 差不多； wide 宽 widely广泛地；free 免费 freely 自由地；典例剖析：Tom studiesbut his sisterstudies.A hard,hardB hardly , hardlyChard, hardlyD hardly , hard答案： C解题技巧：此题第一个陷阱是hard 和 hardly 的区分,通常我们会认为hard 的副词是 hardly ,事实上hard 既是形容词 .又是副词,而 hardly 是另外一个副词 .,中文是“几乎不” ；4. -ing 形容词和 -ed 形容词的区分；-ing
24、形容词-ed 形容词例句interesting 好玩的interested 感爱好的I have an interesting book.He is interested in science.exciting 令人兴奋的excited 感到兴奋的Have you heard of the exciting news ？We are excited about the traveling.表示主动意义, 多指事物对人的影响, 一般修饰事物；5. 复习动词不定式；表示被动意义,多指人 对事物的感受,主语一 般是人,常用于“sb.+-ed 形容词 +介词”结构；We are all interes
25、ted in the interesting story.作宾语补足语：动词不定式作宾补时,它与宾语有规律上的主谓关系；e.g.Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露丝要他关小收音机；留意：动词不定式在使役动词make, let 和感官动词 see, watch, hear, feel 等词后作宾补时,常省去不定式符号 to；help 后的不定式可带 to,也可不带 to；Let s see the dolphins.我们去看海豚吧；I hear her sing every day.我听见她每天都唱歌；M7 A famous story1. a gi
26、rl called Alice.此处 called 为过去分词,修饰girl ,放在名词之后；相当于named.2. fall down跌倒,掉下fall behind跟不上,落在 后面fall into落入 中fall off从 上掉下来fall asleep 入睡Eg： She fell down and hurt her leg yesterday.Leaves fall off the trees in fall.They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.3. It was sitting in a tree and smiling at ever
27、yone. in a tree外来物或人 在树上on a tree 树上本身有的东西： apple 等在树上Eg： There is a bird in the tree.There are a lot of apples on the tree. smile at sb对某人微笑Eg： Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others.4. “到达 ”的表达：arrivein+ 大地点get to +地点reach +地点at+小地点get hometherehere5. have a tea party举办茶会6. have nothing to
28、do没什么事可做nothingsomething to eatdrink nothing作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数7. once or twice=from time to time有时Eg：Once or twice he goes to school on foot.once 一次twice两次三次及以上：数词+timesthree timessix times8. what for.=why .为什么 . ； 有什么用 .9. nothing strange 没什么古怪的事形容词strange 作后置定语,修饰不定代词nothing ；在英语中,当形容修饰不定代词something
29、anythingnothingeverything等时,形容词必需放在不定代词后面,作后置定语；Eg： I have something important to do.10. hear sb. do sth.听到某人做某事hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事Eg： I heard her play the piano in the next room just now.I hear someone singing in the room.11. take sth out of把某物从 掏出12. across 表示动作是在物体的表面进行,如过河,过桥,过公路；throug
30、h 表示动作是在物体的内部空间进行,如穿过森林、门、隧道,光线射入等13. too to 太 而不能 Eg：He is too young to carry the heavy bag.M8 Accidents1. on the phone通过电话通话 on 表示 “通过 ”2. look pale看起来很惨白此处 look 作为半系动词,后跟adj. 常见的半系动词有tastesmellsoundfeel. Eg： The music sounds good.The food tastes delicious.3. be glad to do sth很兴奋去做 sth Eg： I am gl
31、ad to see you again.4. in time准时on time准时,按时Eg： I hope you can come back in time.Please hand in your homework on time.5. fall off = fall down from从 摔下来你fall in love with sb爱上某人6. the risk of 的风险7. pay attention to留意 to 是一个介词,后接名词或doing Eg： We should pay more attention to developing economy.8. someti
32、mes 有时some times几次；几倍sometime将来或过去 某个时候some time一段时间9. pick up 捡起,捡起 代词只能放中间,名词放在中间或后面均可 pick sb up开车 接某人Eg： After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday.10. call sbcall up=ring up打电话给 sbcall on拜望 sb11. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo. lie 此处为
33、不及物动词,意为“躺 ”；其过去式为 lay ,现在分词为lying ；He was lying on the bed.l 2.as soon as 一 就I will call you as soon as I get home.语法全解：when 和 while都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生,但二者意义不尽相同；1. when 引导的从句可表示时间点,也可表示时间段,从句的位于动词既可是连续性动词,也可是非连续性动词； while 引导的从句通常表示时间段,从句中用连续性动词作谓语；They arrived while we were watching TV.2. 含有 when 引导的
34、时间状语主从复合句,假如主句用过去进行时,从句应当用一般过去式, 表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作发生,强调后一动作发生的突然性；We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off.3. 当主从句的动作都是连续的或同时发生,主从句都用过去进行时的时候,从句多用while 引导； They were reading while we were writing .M9 Population1. The population of China is about 1.37billion.The population of is表示.有多少人；
35、此外用 has a population of也可以表示 有多少人；形容人口（ population ）的多少用 big/ large或 small 当 population作主语时,谓语动词用单数询问某地有多少人口 .：.What s the population of.留意：询问某地有多少人口时不用how many和 how much hundredthousandmillionbillion等前有数字,用单数形式three hundredhundredthousandmillionbillion等后有 of ,用复数形式thousands of2. noise n.噪音noisyadj.
36、吵闹的make noise发出噪音3. prepare 预备prepare for 为 做预备prepare to do sth 预备去做某事 . Eg： They are preparing for the New Year.4. notes 名词复数形式“笔记 随笔” make notes记笔记5. too much+ 不行数名词much too+形容词 .太 too many+可数名词复数 Eg：I have too much homework to do today.That dress is much too long for me.There are too many people
37、 in the shop on Sunday.6. one fifth五分之一分数的表达法：分子在前,用基数词；分母在后,用序数词；当分子大于1 时,分母需要用复数如： two thirds9. hang on a minute.稍等10. public services公共服务a public telephone公用电话in public在公共场合11. in fact事实上all over the world全世界12. leave 离开 某地 leave for+ 目的地 前往 目的地 启程去某地I ll leave for Shanghai next week. leave 仍有 “忘
38、了带,留下 ”之意 如： I left my book at home .13. 辨析：job 与 workjob（cn） 指详细的职业或零工work （ un）指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动【Grammer】:冠词：复习笔记数字 : 分为基数词和序数词；本模块中,我们重点学习数字的读法；在英语中,每三位数字为一个单位,根据百,十,个位向下读；而进位的读法就为thousand, million , billion向上递增；数词的常见用法：分数表达法在英语中,分子用基数词,分母用序数词；当分子是1 时,分母用原形；当分子大于1 时,分母用复数形式；1/3： one thirds2/3
39、: two thirds百分数的表达：百分数用percent 表示,符号为 %如： 5% 读作 five present .M10 The weather1. 关于天气单词：名词cloud , rain, snow, sun, wind , fog .形容词 cloudy, rainy, snowy , sunny, windy , foggy .2. Are you joking.joken. 笑话；玩笑play a joke on sbmake a joke ofabout ab4. minus减去, 零下温度 Eg：The temperature is minus 3 degrees.5
40、. although尽管；虽然 although 与 but 不能连用 Eg： It isn t warm today, although the sun is shining.6. what s the weather like in . Eg： -What is the weather like in Jinhua today.-It is cold today.询问天气仍可以用how is the weather in .7. as well 也；仍 放句末 too 也放句末 also 也,而且 放句中 8. better get going.= had better g now.最好现
41、在就走had better do sth 最好做 sthEg： It slate now, we had better hurry up.9. compared to = compared with和 相比较Eg： I compared my computer towith hers.重点语法 :情态动词 may, might 的用法；Module11Wayoflife重点语法：1. what a surprise. 真惊奇啊 .此句是感叹句,用来表达赞扬、赞叹、欢乐等感情,同样用how 也可引导感叹句；结构如下：what +aan+adj.+n.+ 主语+谓语 . how +adj.adv.
42、 + 主语 +谓语 .Eg：How beautiful the girl is.= What a beautiful girl she is.2. you needn t wait.你不必等了；need 在这里用作情态动词,表示“需要”,常用于否定句、疑问句及must 引导的一般疑问句否定回答,其后用动词原形；needn t=don t have toEg： You needn t come to school this afternoon.-Must I finish my homework today.-No, you needn t.【拓展】 need 作实义动词时,其后可接to do,
43、表示“需要做 ”3. differencen.不同之处,区分 differentadj. 不同的be different from4. do some cleaning打扫卫生 这是一个由 do+some+doing 构成的短语 Eg：You should help your mother do some cleaning after school.【拓展】 do some washingcookingshoppingsewing5. traditionaladj.传统的 traditionn.传统6. stop to do sth 停下来去做某事stop doing sth 停止做某事Mod
44、ule12Help重点学问点：1. furnituren.家具不行数名词 a piece of furnitureglass玻璃 不行数名词 There is some glass on the ground.玻璃杯 可数名词 There are two glasses on the desk.2. what s wrong with .=what s the matter with . 怎么了 . Eg： -W hat wsrong with him.-He has a cold.3. have troubleproblem in doing sth做 有困难get into trouble
45、陷入麻烦be in trouble处于困境中Eg： I have trouble in learning English.4. harmfuladj. harmn.be harmful to sbsthdo harm to sbsth 对 有害Eg： Smoking is harmful to health.It does harm to our environment.5. cover with 用盖上6. warn sb aboutof sth提示某人留意某事；警告某人某事.warn sb to do sth警告某人去做某事warn sb not to do sth警告某人不要去做某事Eg：Our parents warn