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1、中考情态动词考点（一）情态动词概说1情态动词也是 “辅助性” 动词， 用来表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词所表示的情态有：请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。2情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。如：她会唱英文歌曲。She cans sing an English song.（F）She can sings an English song.（F）She can sing an English song. （T）3有些情态动词的过去时与其原形相同，有些与原形不同。(1) 与原形相同的有：must - must ought
2、 to - ought to(2) 与原形不同的有：can - could will - wouldmay - might shall - shouldneed - needed dare - dared have to - had to （二）情态动词的种类：（见下表）原形过去式词义cancould能maymight可以（或许）mustmust(had to)必须（不得不）willwould愿意shallshould应该needneeded需要daredared敢于（三）情态动词的否定形式：cannot - can t could not - couldn t may not - mayn
3、t might not- mightn t must not - mustn t will not - won t would not - wouldn t need not - needn t shall not - shan t should not - shouldn t ought not - oughtn t dare not - daren t （四）常用情态动词的用法：1can与 could1） can（1）表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”，也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”。He can drive. Can you jump as far as he did I can t
4、catch up with Jim. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - can 与 be able to 二者都表示“能够”，区别是：can 只有现在时和过去式，而 be able to 可用于各种时态。如：I ll be able to speak French in half a year. He hasn t been able to finish it on time. （2）表示允许：You can go now. Can
5、 I use your bike （3）表示推测：Who can it be It can t be true.can 表示猜测或怀疑只用于疑问句及否定句中。2） could（1）can 的过去式，表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。He couldn t climb up the mountain. The news could be true. （2）表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。Could you go skating with me tomorrow I m afraid I couldn t give you an answer tonight.（3）表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度How
6、could he say that He couldn t be in Beijing. 2may 与 might1） may（1）表示请求、许可、可以May I use your dictionary Yes, please/certainly. May I come in （2）表示推测说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。It may rain this afternoon. I may leave for Hangzhou next week. （3）may 用于感叹句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。May you do well! May you have a good time!
7、 2) might （1）用作 may 的过去式。We didn t know that he might be our new teacher. The accident might happen the day before yesterday. （2）替代 may 来表示现在时间的动作，主要于推测（但其可能性比may 更低）。I m afraid it might snow tomorrow. You might meet him at the conference. The movie might have finished now. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - -
8、 - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - （3）委婉地表示请求（不是过去式）。Might I ask you a question Might you go there with me 3must（1）表示义务，命令或必要。Soldiers must obey orders.We must be strict with ourselves.（2）表示肯定的推测：一定He must be at home. （对现在的猜测）I think you must have made a mistak
9、e.（对过去的猜测）He must be our new teacher.He can t be our new teacher. （3）此外还要弄清楚must 与 have to 的区别4will 与 would1） will（1）表示意愿、决心。此时可用于各种人称。He wont come to see you. 他不愿来见你。（表示意愿）I will try my best to catch up with her.我将尽最大努力赶上她。（表示决心）（2）表示请求，此时仅限于“will you (please) ”句型中，仅用于第二人称和疑问句中。Will you please buy
10、me an English-Chinese dictionary when you go to the bookstoreWill you have some rice 2） would（1）will 的过去式，表示过去的意愿和决心。He said he would do everything for her, but she said she would never see him again.They believed that we would help them. （2）用于现在时，表示委婉地提出请求，建议或看法。此时would 的用法比will 更加委婉。Would you plea
11、se show me the way to the museum I would like to say something about it.will 和 would 用于“劝某人接受”时，只能用some，不能用any。如：Would you like some fish 吃点鱼好吗5shall 与 should1） shall征求对方意见或请求，用于第一、三人称。表示“要不要”、“好吗”Shall I open the window Shall the doctor come2） should精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 -
12、 - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - （1）should 意思是“应该”，表示劝告或建议（=ought to ）You should wash your hands before dinner. We should help each other. （2）用来表示可能性或猜测。He should be in the office now. I should be right. （3）should 有时能表示说话人的情感等。Its funny that they should be confident.（表示轻视）Why should
13、 I do that for you（表示不满）（4）should 后接动词不定式（不加to）时，若用于肯定句，表示某件事本应该完成却未完成；若用于否定句，则表示某事不该发生却发生了。You should have told us the truth.（应该告诉却没有）He should have known the importance of it.应该知道却不知道）We shouldn t have left so early. （不应该早出来，可已经做了）6need1）need 意思是“需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和关系问句中。You needn t come so early. Nee
14、d I take part in the Party 2) need 引导的疑问句，肯定回答时多用must ，否定回答时用needn t。Need he come Yes, he must.No, he needn t.3) need 后接名词做宾语时，表示“需要”某件事物，此时用作实义动词，与一般的实义动词用法完全一样。如：We need three apples. He doesn t need so many books. 7. ought ought 只有一种形式，后面常与to 连用，意思是“应该”。You ought to visit us often. Sorry, I ought
15、 to leave now. 在表示“应该”时，ought to 的语气比should 要强，比must 稍弱。8. dare1) dare 意思是“敢”，用于肯定结构中时，后接加to 的动词不定式。The boy dared to climb up the tree. She should dare to question her teacher. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 2）dare 用于否定句或疑问句中时，与大多数的
16、情态动词一样，后接不带to 的动词不定式。Dont dare do that again! The poor girl dare not go home. 9had betterYou had better see a doctor.You had better not leave now. Had I better wait for her used to do / be used to doing / b e used to doused to do 表示过去常常发生的动作，强调过去， 只用于过去， 注意用to do ，不用 doing 形式；而 be used to doing 意为 “
17、 习惯做 ” ， be 可有各种时态；be used to do 意为 “被使用去做 , ” 为被动语态形式。My father used to eating meat.She is used to eating meat.He wasn t used to eating in a restaurant.Knives are used to cut things. （五）含有情态动词的疑问句由 can、may、must 构成的疑问句句式：Can/ May/ Must+ 主语 +动词原形 +. 如： Can you repair the car Could he be a good studen
18、t May I borrow your rulerMust we clean the room now对 may 引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes, of course. Yes, certainly. Sure. No, you mustn t.No, you can t.对 must 引出的疑问句，回答为：Yes, must. No, neednt/ don t have to. will， would ， shall 的用法will 在一般疑问句中表示客气的“ 请求、劝说 ” 。 would 是 will 的过去式，语气更加客气、委婉。Would you show me your
19、picture book Will you please give me a call 对 will/ would you的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I won t.)Sure .(I m sorry ,I can t.)All right. Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please.shall 引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：Yes, please. All right. No, thank you. （六）不同情态动词的否定意义也不同（ 1） cant可译为 “ 不会 ” ，
20、 如： I can t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。（2）当句子表推测时，用 cant 表达不可能，He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.（3）cant 还可用来回答“ May I ” 这样的问句。 May I come in No, you mustn t. / can t.（4） can t 还可用于固定习语中。She can t help crying.may 的否定式为may not ， 译成 “ 可能不 ” ， He may not be at home.（1）mustnt 表示不许，不可。 He mustnt
21、leave his room. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - （ 2）mustnt也可用于以may 表示要求时的否定回答中。May I stand hereNo, you mustn t(can t).（1） needn t 意为 “ 不必 ” 。You needn t meet him unless you d like to.（2）needn t + have+ 动词的过去分词，表不需要完成但已完成的动作，暗含时间或精力上的
22、浪费。 You neednt have bought it.shouldn 表不应该You shouldn t feel so unhappy over such little things.（七）易混淆点易混点一can 和be able to两者表示能力时用法相同，但 can 只有原形“can” 和过去式 “ could ”两种形式， 在其他时态中要用 be able to 来表示。另外be able to 常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。 Jim cant speak English.He could speak English at 5. We ll be able t
23、o see him next week. He has been able to drive. I m sure you ll be able to finish it quickly. We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.易混点二can 和 may can 和 may 均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“ 可以 ” ， 一般可互换2. can 和 may 表示可能性时的区别：在肯定句中用might， may， must， 不用 can在疑问句中表示推测用can，不用might ， may，must 在否定句中用cant（不可能
24、），不用may， must。 That can t be true.易混点三may be 和 maybe 用法区别常用位置may be may 为情态动词，be 为动词原形， 句中作谓语maybe 副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps 位于句首，作状语He may be wrong , but I m not sure.易混点四cant 和 mustnt.cant根据其基本用法可译为：（1）不会， I can t speak English . （2）不能， We can t do it now because it s too dark.（3） 不可能， The man can t be
25、our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher. mustn t 意为 “ 禁止、不许 ” ， 用来表达命令， 表示强烈的语气。You mustn t play football in the street. It s too dangerous.易混点五must 和 have to must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要，还可以在间接引语中表示过去的必要或业务，have to 侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时I know I must study hard.My brother was very ill, so
26、I had to call the doctor in the mid-night. 易混点六need， dare 的两种用法need ， dare 作情态动词是，多用于否定句、 疑问句中， 后接动词原形。You needn t explain it to me .Dare you say that again在肯定句中，它们后边多接动词不定式，此时为实义动词。Tom needs to fetch the bool for me . Mary dared to go across the street by herself.易混点七used to do / be used to doing /
27、 be used to doused to do 表示过去常常发生的动作而 be used to doing 意为 “ 现在习惯做 ” ， be 可有各种时态；精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - be used to do 意为 “被使用去做 , ” 为被动语态形式。My father used to eating meat.She is used to eating meat.He wasn t used to eating in
28、a restaurant.Knives are used to cut things. 练习检测1. Nobody _ do it. Let me _ .A. can, try B. can t, to try C. can, to try D. can t, trying2. “ _ you like _ bananas to eat” “ Yes, please.”A. Would, some B. Will, any C. Could, any D. Can, some3. “ Can you answer this question in English” “ Sorry, I _.”
29、A. needn t B. may not C. can t D. mustnt4. “ _ I borrow your dictionary” “ Certainly, here you are.”A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall5. I _ see the words on the blackboard. _ you write a bit clearlyA. mustn t, Can B. don t, will C. can t, Can D. needn t, Could6. It s a sunny day today. You _ take a ra
30、incoat with you.A. can t B. mustn t C. needn t D. can7. I ve looked for my pen everywhere, but I _ find it.A. couldn t B. can t C. mustn t D. didnt8. “ _ I speak to Ann” “ Speaking.”A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall9. Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow _.A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shallC. Yes, you will
31、 D. All right10. Mr. John, we must hand in our homework today, _ No, you _. But you must bring it to school tomorrow.A. neednt we ；mustnt B. mustnt we；needntC. mustnt you ； mustnt D. neednt we ；neednt11. _ I take the newspaper away No, you mustnt. You _ read it only here.A. Must; can B. May; can C.
32、Need; must D. Must; must12. - Must I stay at home and take care of her- No, you _.A. mustnt B. wontC. cantD. neednt 13. - Can you mend a TV set- No, I _.A. mustnt B. cant C. may not D. neednt精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 14. - Whos
33、e guitar is this - _.A. It must Ali s. B. It might belong to Ali s. C. It must Ali D. It might belong to Ali.need, needn t,can, can t,shall, shouldn tmay, must, mustn t,have to, would 15. I _ show him the way, _I16. Can you answer this question in French No, I_.17. May I keep the book for three week
34、s No, you _ .18. Nobody _ live without air or water.19. You _ not worry. Everything will be all right.20. _ I have some chocolates now No, you mustn t.21. Children _ be left alone.22. I _ finish my homework before I go to bed.go out for a walk That s a good idea.24. _you like some fish精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -