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1、The ing form as the Subject , Object ，Predictive, Attributive and Object ComplementGrammar 加连词（加连词（and / but / so） 放入从句放入从句 用非谓语动词用非谓语动词 在英语中，一个独立句子里只能在英语中，一个独立句子里只能有有一个主谓结构一个主谓结构，如果出现多，如果出现多个动词：个动词：Q: 什么时候用非谓语动词？什么时候用非谓语动词？Q: 什么是非谓语动词？什么是非谓语动词？ There have been several new events added to the progra
2、m for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always offering the same excuse. In the dream Peter saw himself ran after by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket covering the desert.
3、 找出下列句子中的谓语找出下列句子中的谓语 及非谓语及非谓语have beenaddedwould answerofferingsawwokerunlookedcovering谓语谓语非谓语非谓语4过去分词过去分词 v-edv-ed不定式不定式 to + v.to + v.动词的动词的v-ingv-ing非谓语动词非谓语动词Q: 非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词有哪些？Have you ever seen these signs?parking, spitting, littering, smoking-ing forms指出指出-ing形式在下面句中的成分。形式在下面句中的成分。Finding
4、ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.He enjoys listening to violin music.China is a developing country.The music is exciting.We heard her singing in her room.Being ill, she went back home.主语主语宾语宾语定语定语表语表语宾语补足语宾语补足语状语状语The ing form构成：构成：1.一般情况一般情况 rain-2.以以e结尾的动词结尾的动词 hope-3.重读闭音节的动词重读闭音节的动词
5、 stop- 4.以以ie结尾的动词结尾的动词 die- lie- tie-raininghopingstoppingdyinglyingtying归纳总结：归纳总结：动词动词-ing是是_中的一种，中的一种，单独使用时，能在句中做除单独使用时，能在句中做除_之外的任之外的任何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。语、状语、宾补等。在语态上，动词在语态上，动词-ing表示表示_（主动（主动/被动被动)的动作。在时间上，动词的动作。在时间上，动词-ing一般表示一般表示_（正在进行（正在进行/已经完成）的动作。已经完成）的动作。 动词非谓
6、语形式动词非谓语形式谓语谓语主动主动正在进行正在进行1. 动词动词-ing形式的构成形式的构成: 是在动词末尾加是在动词末尾加-ing 形式构成形式构成, 因此又叫动词的因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。形式。如如: do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc.否定形式否定形式: not+ -ing 构成构成2. 动词动词-ing形式形式不能单独作谓语不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和没有人称和数的变化数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有还有时态和语态的变化。时态和语态的变化。3. 动词动词-ing形式由动词加形式由动词加-ing变化而成变化
7、而成, 它同时具有它同时具有名词和动词名词和动词的特征的特征, 在句中可以在句中可以作主语、宾语等。作主语、宾语等。Ing 时时 态态 和和 语语 态态 类 别 及及 物物动动 词词形式主主 动动被被 动动一般式 doing being done 完成式 having donehaving been done重点重点注：否定式在其一般式和完成式前面加注：否定式在其一般式和完成式前面加not一、动词一、动词-ing形式作主语形式作主语 1. 表示表示经常的、习惯性的经常的、习惯性的动作或状态动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。如：谓语动词通常用单数。如： 1）Walking is a good f
8、orm of exercise for both young and old. 2）Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 3）Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 4）Asking a womans age is impolite in our country. 2. -ing形式作主语时常后置形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用此时须用it作形式主语作形式主语, 用形容词或名词作表语。用形容词或名词作表语。常见的名词或名词短语有常见的名词或名词短语有: no use, no go
9、od, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time 等等; 形容词有形容词有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。等。 归纳：常用归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：形式作主语的句型有： It +be +a waste of time doing 做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing 做做是没益是没益/用处的用处的 It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做做不值得不值得 It is/was worth/wort
10、hwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的 There be no doing 无法无法 ， 不允许不允许和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。It is useless trying to argue with Shylock这事值得去做。这事值得去做。 Its worth making the effort若要人不知，除非己莫为。若要人不知，除非己莫为。There is no hiding of evil but not to do it这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。There is no joking about such matter. There is n
11、o sense in doing 做、没有道理做、没有道理 There is/was no use doing 干、无意义干、无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比、更糟的没有比、更糟的 There is/was no point doing 干、无意义干、无意义 我们不知道要去哪儿。我们不知道要去哪儿。 There was no knowing where we would go. 做这件傻事毫无意义。做这件傻事毫无意义。 There is no point doing such a silly thing. 3. 在在there be n
12、o.结构中作主语结构中作主语, 这种结构这种结构的意思相当于的意思相当于“It is impossible to do ”。 There is no sense in doing 做做没有道理没有道理 There is/was no use doing 做做无意义无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比没有比更糟的更糟的 There is/was no point doing 做做无意义无意义1)There is no hiding of evil but not to do it若要人不知若要人不知, 除非己莫为。除非己莫为。2)There
13、is no joking about such matter.这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。3)There was no knowing when he would leave.无法知道他什么时候离开。无法知道他什么时候离开。Try to tell the meaning of each sentence.注意注意: There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事没必要做某事, 在此句式中在此句式中to do 不可换为不可换为doing.There is no need to tell her. 提示提示: 当动名词用作主语时当动名词用作主语时, 其逻辑主语由其逻辑主
14、语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。1）My sisters being ill made me worried.2）Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong.动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：动名词表示的动作通常是一个动名词表示的动作通常是一个习惯性的长期进行习惯性的长期进行的动作的动作, 不定式则通常表示不定式则通常表示动作的一次性或短暂性动作的一次性或短暂性。e.g.1）Teaching English is my job.2）Finding ways to
15、 grow more rice has been his life goal.3）To reach there on time is my task.二、动名词用作宾语二、动名词用作宾语 动名词作宾语有两种情况。动名词作宾语有两种情况。1. 只能后接只能后接-ing作宾语的动词作宾语的动词, 常见的有常见的有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand, excuse, fancy, g
16、ive up, put off, risk, insist on, look forward, feel like等。等。e.g.1）I cant avoid going2）Have you considered looking for one special friend?3）People couldnt help laughing foolish man避免错过少延期避免错过少延期 avoid/ miss/ delay/ postpone建议完成多练习建议完成多练习 suggest/advise/finish/complete/ practice喜欢想象禁不住喜欢想象禁不住 enjoy/
17、imagine/ cant help承认否定与嫉妒承认否定与嫉妒 admit/ deny/ envy逃避冒险莫宽恕逃避冒险莫宽恕 escape/ risk/ forgive/ excuse忍受保持不介意忍受保持不介意 stand/ keep/ mind允许感激和考虑允许感激和考虑 allow/ permit/ appreciate/ consider明白鼓励要禁止明白鼓励要禁止 understand/ encourage/ forbid2. 既可接既可接-ing和和to do作宾语的动词作宾语的动词, 常见的有常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love,
18、prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。等。A. 在在 like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，等动词之后，用用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重只是侧重点有些不同点有些不同, ing表示泛指的动作表示泛指的动作, to do表示具体的一次性动作。表示具体的一次性动作。B. 在在 begin/start, continue之后之后, 用动名词和用动名词和不定式不定式, 意义意义没有什么不同没有什么不同, 尤其是当主语是尤其是当主语是人的时候。人的时候。 C. 在动词在动词forget, reme
19、mber, regret之后之后, 用用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词与不定式意义不同。-ing 表示动作已经发生表示动作已经发生, ,-to do 表示动作还没发生；表示动作还没发生；I remember posting the letterIll remember to post the letterI shall never forget seeing the famous writerDont forget to write to your motherI regret missing the reportI regret to say I cant take your adviceD
20、. 意义各不相同意义各不相同try to do (设法设法) mean to do (打算打算, 有意要做有意要做) try doing (试试试试) mean doing (意思是意思是, 意味着意味着)be used to doing 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事被用来做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事E. go on doing 继续做一直在做的事继续做一直在做的事; go on to do 接着做另一件事。接着做另一件事。stop doing 停止做某事停止做某
21、事stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。停下正在干的事去干另一件事。3. 在介词后接动名词作宾语在介词后接动名词作宾语1) I insist on taking proper food for this trip2) Instead of smiling, each of them made a face3) She was very interested in working for our company注：下列短语中的注：下列短语中的to都是介词都是介词, 所以动词要所以动词要接接-ing形式形式: devote to, object to, pay attention to,
22、 get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to,be used to等。等。 3. need, require, want,作作“需要需要”解时解时, 后接动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语, 主动形式主动形式表示被动意义表示被动意义, 相当于相当于to be done。如：如： The radio needs / requires / wants repairing / to be repaired. deserve注意注意 1. 动词动词-ing形式的复合结构是指在动词形式的复合结构是指在动词-ing形式前面加上逻辑主语来强调动作形式
23、前面加上逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语常为形容词性的执行者，该逻辑主语常为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格；当逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格；当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用人称代词的宾不出现在句首时，可用人称代词的宾格代替形容词性物主代词或用名词普格代替形容词性物主代词或用名词普通格代替名词的所有格。如：通格代替名词的所有格。如：Im annoyed about Johns forgetting to pay.I really cant understand you treating her like that. 2. 动词动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面形式的否定形式是在其前面加加no
24、t，带有逻辑主语时，带有逻辑主语时not应在动词应在动词-ing形式之前。如：形式之前。如：Not cleaning her teeth made her smell bad.Your schoolmates not coming home in time made her parents worried. 即时练习即时练习 从从 A、B、C、D四个选项四个选项中选出最佳选项。中选出最佳选项。 1. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To
25、 have had B. Having hadC. Have D. HavingD2. The parents suggested _ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A. sleep B. to sleepC. sleeping D. having sleptC3. How I regret _ so much time in the net bar! I should have studied harder.A. to waste B. wasting C. wasted D
26、. being wastedBIt took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repairedMy brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helpedWe should often practise _ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speakingHe devoted his
27、life to _ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studiedWe are both looking forward to _ next week. A. going on vocation (休假) B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation All the staff on our company are considering _to the city centre for the fashion sho
28、w. Ato go Bgoing Cto have gone Dhaving gone- Robert is indeed a wise man.- Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking_ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known作表
29、语作表语（1 1）动名词）动名词My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job.Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs is her full-time job.（2 2）现在分词）现在分词The play is exciting. Exciting is the play.The story he told us w a s v e r y interesting. Interesting was the story he told us.动名词做表语对主语解动名词做表语对主语解释说明，可与句子的主释说明，
30、可与句子的主语互换，不影响原意。语互换，不影响原意。现在分词的动作是句中现在分词的动作是句中主语发出的，主语与分主语发出的，主语与分词存在逻辑主谓关系，词存在逻辑主谓关系，不能与主语互换位置。不能与主语互换位置。三、三、-ing形式作定语形式作定语1. 单个动词的单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面被修饰名词的前面, 既可以表示被修饰既可以表示被修饰者的者的作用或功能作用或功能, 也可以表示被修饰者也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。的动作或状态。e.g.building materials = materials for building 建筑材料建筑材料drinkin
31、g water = water for drinkinga walking stick = a stick for walkinga reading room = a room for reading a writing desk = a desk for writingtiring music = music that is tiring a surprising result= a result that is surprising 2. ing 形式短语作定语时形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之放在所修饰的名词之后后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
32、1）They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 2）The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 3）Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 3. -ing形式短语也可以用作
33、非限制定语形式短语也可以用作非限制定语, 相当于一个非限制性定语从句相当于一个非限制性定语从句, 这时这时, 它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。1) His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 2) The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which
34、was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 四、四、-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语1. 1) 动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面后面, 表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作, 强调一个过程或一种状态。强调一个过程或一种状态。如：如：(1)When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. (2)We found the snake eating
35、the eggs. 2) 当主句转换为被动结构时当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补原来作宾语补足语的动词足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。形式便转换为主语补足语。如：如： They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying. They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room.2. 能用能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1) 表示感觉和心理状
36、态的动词表示感觉和心理状态的动词, 常见的有常见的有 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。等。 a. We saw a light burning in the window. b. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. c. Can you smell anything burning? d. As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously. e. I didnt notic
37、e him waiting.2) 表示指使意义的动词表示指使意义的动词, 常见的有常见的有 have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：等。如：I wont have you doing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用等动词之后用-ing形式形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别
38、：和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： 前者表示动作前者表示动作正在进行正在进行, 而后者表示而后者表示(或强调或强调) 动作从开始到结束的全动作从开始到结束的全过程过程。如。如:We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment.我们走过教室我们走过教室, 看见老师在做实验。看见老师在做实验。(只在走过教室的刹那间只在走过教室的刹那间, 看见老师正在做实验看见老师正在做实验) 五、五、-ing形式作表语形式作表语 -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后形式作表语时放在系动词之后, 用来泛指用来泛指某种动作或行为某
39、种动作或行为, 以说明主语的身份、性质或以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。情况。1) Her hobby is painting. 2) My job is looking after the children.3) His concern for his mother is most touching.4) She was very pleasing in her appearance.六六.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语句子的主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系上的主谓关
40、系, 否则不能用现在分词作状语。否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化但要注意它的各种形式变化:主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed 一般式一般式完成式完成式e. g. 1) Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. (听见和进入两个动作同时发生听见和进入两个动作同时发生)2) The building being built now is our new library. (being built为现在分词的被动
41、形式为现在分词的被动形式, 表示动作正表示动作正在进行之中在进行之中)3) Having done the work, he went home. 主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed 一般式一般式完成式完成式现在分词在句中作状语现在分词在句中作状语, 修饰谓语动词或整修饰谓语动词或整个句子个句子, 表示动作发生的表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随结果、条件、伴随等。现在分词等。现在分词一般不用作一般不用作表目的地状语表目的地状语(通常用不定式表目的地状语通常用不定式表目的
42、地状语)。1）Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.1表时间状语表时间状语2表原因状语表原因状语1）Being ill, he didnt go to school.=As he was ill, he didnt go to school.2）Being a student, you should study hard.=Since you are a student, y
43、ou should study hard. 3 表方式、伴随情况的状语表方式、伴随情况的状语: 作伴随状语的分词作伴随状语的分词表示的动作表示的动作, 必须是必须是主语的一个动作主语的一个动作, 或是或是与谓语与谓语所表示地动作所表示地动作(或状态或状态)同时发生同时发生, 或是或是对谓语表示对谓语表示的动词的动词(或状态或状态)作进一步地补充说明作进一步地补充说明。1) He sat on the sofa, watching TV.=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.2) 他们笑着谈着走进了教室。他们笑着谈着走进了教室。_ , they went int
44、o the classroom.Laughing and talking4 表结果表结果e.g. 1) Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.2) The song is sung all over the country,_.making it the most popular song5 表条件表条件1) Using your head, you will find a way.
45、 =If you use your head, you will find a way._, you will see a white house.2) Walking ahead6 与逻辑主语构成独立主格与逻辑主语构成独立主格: 1) I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard2) All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 3) Time permitting, well do another two exercises. *有时也可用有时也可用w
46、ith (without) +名词名词(代词宾格代词宾格) +分词形式。分词形式。 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 7 作独立成分作独立成分: 1) Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 1. What made you so upset? _ two tickets to the pop music concert. A. Losing B. Because of losing C. To lose D. Because I had lost 2. I cant imagi
47、ne _ that with them. A. do B. to do C. being done D. doing A考考你考考你D 3. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 4. _ is forbidden inside the park. A. To cycle B. We cycle C. Anyone cycles D. Cycling BD5.
48、I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop 6. The old lady needs _. A. look afterB. to look after C. looking after D. being looked afterCC1. If you can keep _(read) English
49、 newspapers, your English will be improved. 2. He has promised _(come) to my birthday party.3. I hate _(tell) lies!4. I will never forget _(go) to Beijing with him last summer. I forgot _(tell) her the news; so she knew nothing about it.Complete these sentences:readingto cometelling/to tellgoingto t
50、ell1.出国旅行是很激动人心的出国旅行是很激动人心的。Travelling abroad is very exciting.2. 在这儿等是没用的在这儿等是没用的, 我们走吧我们走吧。Its no use waiting here. Lets go.3. 我记得在哪里见过他我记得在哪里见过他。I remember seeing her somewhere.Translation 4. 我后悔没听你的劝告。我后悔没听你的劝告。I regret not following your advice.5. 帮助别人就是帮助你自己。帮助别人就是帮助你自己。Helping others means he