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1、The Present Participle as Adverbial （现在分词做状语现在分词做状语）-ing分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示Task1 现在分词作状语代替状语从句现在分词作状语代替状语从句时间、原因、结果、条件、时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，让步、方式或伴随情况等，注：注：从句的主语从句的主语和和主句的主语主句的主语必须必须一致一致。即即-ing-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，并表示是整个句子的主语，并表示主动主动的关系。的关系。一一. -ing分词短语作分词短语作时间状语时间状
2、语，代替一，代替一个时间状语从句：个时间状语从句：注意：注意：1：现在分词所表示的动作与主：现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词连词when, while引出。引出。 2：现在分词所表示的动作一发生，：现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时主句的动作就立即发生时 如：如： When he read the book, he nodded from time to time. When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood. Seeing those pictu
3、res, she remembered her childhood. While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.二、二、-ing分词短语作分词短语作原因状语原因状语，相当于一个，相当于一个原因状语从句。如原因状语从句。如： As he was ill, he couldnt come to school today. Being ill, he couldnt come to school today. 三、三、ing分词短语作结果状语。如：分词短语作结果状语。如： His father died, （thus） leaving h
4、im a lot of money. She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 四、四、-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句和让步状语从相当于一个条件状语从句和让步状语从句。句。If you use your head, you will find a way.Using your head, you will find a way.Though they knew all this, they made me pay fo
5、r the damage.Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 五、五、-ing分词作伴随状语分词作伴随状语 They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. _ by the old man, the young people started walking slowly.Followed_from the top of th
6、e building, we saw the house like a match box._from the top of the building, the house looks like a match box.SeeingSeensee分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词，分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词词(如如but，and)，因为并列连词接的是因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之间可用逗一个状语部分，分词和主句之间可用逗号。号。注意注
7、意：例如例如:误误: Having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.正正: He was told many times, but he still couldnt understand it. 或或 Having been told many times, he still couldnt understand it.对比练习对比练习1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt und
8、erstand it .A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. He been told 3. _from space , the earth looks blue .4._from space , we can see the earth is blue .A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See CAABbutthe earthwe-ing分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示 现在分词作状语代替状语从句现在分词作状语代替状语从句时间、原因、结果、条件、时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴
9、随情况等，让步、方式或伴随情况等，注：注：从句的主语从句的主语和和主句的主语主句的主语必须必须一致一致。即即-ing-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，并表示是整个句子的主语，并表示主动主动的关系。的关系。 Task 2:现在分词的时态和语态现在分词的时态和语态主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一一般般式式完完成成式式doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done 现在分词的时态和语态现在分词的时态和语态-ing分词的一般式和完成式：分词的一般式和完成式： Being a student, he was inte
10、rested in books. Having finished his work, he went home. -ing分词的分词的一般式一般式的动作表示和主句的动的动作表示和主句的动作是同时进行或者在主句的的动作之后发作是同时进行或者在主句的的动作之后发生；生；完成式完成式的动作是先于主句的动作发生。的动作是先于主句的动作发生。-ing-ing分词的被动式分词的被动式-ing分词的被动式表示与主句的主语（分分词的被动式表示与主句的主语（分词的词的逻辑主语逻辑主语）的关系是被动关系。根据的关系是被动关系。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，被动式有分词动作发生的时间，被动式有一般一般被动式被动式
11、(being done)和和完成被动式完成被动式(having been done)。如：。如：（Having been criticized） by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 1. AS he had eaten too much for supper, he couldnt go to sleep. 2.This book become well known all over the world after it had been translated into many different languages.Having eaten too mu
12、ch for supper, he couldnt go to sleep.Having been translated into many different languages, this book become well known all over the world . Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. Task 3: 现在分词的否定形式现在分词的否定形式动词动词- ing形式（短语）的否定形式形式（短语）的否定形式常在其（常在其（ ）加）加not /never等。等。前面前面
13、 As we didnt know his phone number, we couldnt get in touch with her. As he didnt receive a reply, he decided to write another letter. 现在分词的否定形式现在分词的否定形式Not knowing his phone number, we couldnt get in touch with her.Not having received a reply, he decided to write another letter. Task 4 现在分词的独立主格结构现
14、在分词的独立主格结构独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况, , 表示时间、原因、条件等表示时间、原因、条件等 As the boy led the way, we had no trouble finding the strange village. If the weather permits, well go for an outing tomorrow. leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange village. permitting, well go for an outing tomorrow
15、. Practice:The boyThe weather有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：generally(frankly,honestly) speaking, supposing (假设假设), judging from(从从判断判断), talking of（谈到（谈到), speaking of（谈到）（谈到）等。等。Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys. Supposing you
16、 lose, what will you do?Judging from his accent, he must be from the north.Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing? Task 5: 现在分词的独立成分现在分词的独立成分SummarySummary1 1. .用用V+ingV+ing一般式一般式 还是还是Having+doneHaving+done完成式完成式，要看前后两个动作有没明显的先后顺序，在要看前后两个动作有没明显的先后顺序，在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。表示先发生的动作。2.2.分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上 not, nevernot, never等否定词构成。等否定词构成。