《2022年外研版高中英语必修三知识点-语法总结超全超值 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年外研版高中英语必修三知识点-语法总结超全超值 .pdf（11页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、精品文档精品文档必修三知识点汇总Module 1 Europe 重要短语：because of因为thanks to 由于；多亏了due to/owing to 由于as a result of 由于 的结果be covered by/with be known for/as/to make A out of B 用 B 制成 A make A into B/be made of work on 从事 /做工作；忙于have in commonrefer to 参考/指的是 /涉及 /适用于have control over/of 对 有控制权Beyond control 无法控制under
2、control 被控制住out of control 失去控制in the control of 由控制 /管理 /负责lose control of 对 失去控制have a population of 有多少人口little by little渐渐地in one s thirtiescompare A with/and B 比较 A 和 B compare to 把比作 .compared with/to与比较起来belong to increase(reduce) to/by in terms of 根据 /从 方面来说 /从的观点in the long/short term 就长 /短
3、期而言come to terms=make terms 达成协议，和好bring sb. to terms 使某人接收条件be on good/bad terms with sb. 与某人交情好/不好be faced with 面临，面对face to face along the coast off the coast 在(离开海面的 )海岸上ever since 自从 /一直on the one /other hand 一方面 /另一方面be located in=lie in=be situated in 坐落于There+be/exist/lie/stand/appear+主有存在（b
4、e）opposite to 在对面，与 相反just the opposite 恰恰相反keep a cool head保持头脑清醒lose one s head惊慌失措，失去理智head for 朝着 前进get into a difficult situation陷入困难的状况get out of a difficult situation摆脱困难的状况save the situation 挽回局势重要句型：1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. one of the +形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数最。 。 。 。之
5、一2. Portugal is to the west of Spain. 表示位置 : A is/lies in/on/to/off the+ 方向 +of B A is located/situated in/on/to/off the+ 方向 +of B 位置 +距离 : A is (about)+ 距离 +（to the）+方向 +of B in ,on 和 to 表地理方位的区别（1）表示 A 在 B 的范围内（ 2）强调 A 和 B 两地接壤时，用on.（3）A 在 B 的范围之外，两者之间没有所属关系时用to。如： Our school is to the west of the
6、 hospital. 我们学校在医院的西面。3. on the coast 和 off the coast on 表示“位于河畔或铁路，公路及海岸等沿线上”；off 表示“稍离陆地，在沿岸的海里”。如：4. 表示倍数的四种句型：1）This bridge is 3 times longer than that one. 这座桥比那座桥长3 倍。2) This bridge is 4 times as long as that one 这座桥是那座桥的4 倍长。3）A is times the size/length/width/height/depth of B This room is 3
7、times the size of that one. 这间房间的大小是那间的3 倍。4) A + v. times as many/much + n.+ as B The factory has produced 3 times as many cars as it did last year. 这个厂今年的汽车产量是去年的3 倍。语法要求：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档一： 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态
8、被动语态由 “be+及物动词的过去分词(+by) ”构成。被动语态发生时态变化时只变be形式，过去分词不变。现在时被动语态：am/ is/ are + 过去分词过去时被动语态：was/ were + 过去分词二：主谓一致：本单元主要强调第二个原则语法一致原则。句子的主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。注意： (1) something, everybody, nobody , either, neither, each 等不定代词作主语时，谓语需用单数。(2) 当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, l
9、ike, including, except, rather than, but, 等时， 谓语动词的单复数形式仍然要与这些词语前面的主语保持一致。3）表示时间，重量，长度，价格等的复数名词，作主语从整体来看时，谓语动词用单数。4）非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Early to bed and early to rise is healthful. 5） 如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但前面有 each, every, no 等词修饰时， 谓语用单数。 例如： Every boy and girl in this region is taught to
10、read and write. 6) 谓语动词用单数的情况：many a ，more than one，Every and every/，noand no /each and each one and a half，aor two，a/the (and) 指同一人、事物或概念the number ofa great deal of / a large amount of2. 意义一致原则。1)一些集合名词，如：family, enemy, class, population, army 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据实际含义而定。当表示整体意义时，用单数；当强调个体成员时，用复数。如：2）
11、 由 there 或 here引起的主语，而又不止是一个时，采取就近原则。例如：Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you. 3. 邻近性原则。 neithernor, eitheror, not only but also, or连接两个名词或代词作主语时；由there, here引导的句子，并且主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近它的主语保持一致。Module 2 重要短语：agree to the plan (suggestion, proposal) 同意（建议，安排）measure sth in/by sth 用 来衡量a
12、gree with sb.同意某人的观点或看法，适合agree on/upon sth 达成协议一致意见make efforts/ an effort to do sth. 努力做某事spare no effort 不遗余力 with/without effort费力地 /毫不费力地get(be) close to 靠近， 接近，即将发生as a result of 由于as a result结果result in 导致result from 由引起in/during the last ten years receive a good education be willing to do st
13、h. make comparisons 作比较be connected with at the top of /at the bottom of live with 与.住/忍受up to 直到 /到为止 /多达make progress 进步be similar to 与相似encourage sb to do sth take measures to do 采取措施be crowded with 充满，满是in exchange for 交换achieve one s goal on a high/low income 高/低收入income tax ( 个人 )所得税with the d
14、evelopment of under development 在发展中figure out 算出 /解决 /理解 /弄明白be up to=be fit for 胜任，适合于share sth. with sb.与某人分享share (in)sth.共享life expectancy 预期寿命 ;平均寿命重要句型：1.be be important to sb. of+抽象名词 =be+该名词的同根形容词eg. His advice is of value to us. = valuable This dictionary is of great use. =useful What he s
15、aid is of importance for you. = important 2. till ：直到up to sth be fit for ：胜任 Li Ping is not up to his job. be busy in doing sth ：忙着做 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档be up to sb=be left to sb to decide ：由 决定 / 负责3. sure 1) m
16、ake sure 表示 “ 务必 ” ，“ 确信” ，“ 弄明白 ” ，后面常接of/about sth.或 that 引导的宾语从句。Make sure(that) you will arrive there on time. 你务必准时到这。I know theres a train this afternoon, but I must make sure of the time.2）be sure of, be sure that 对 有把握，对 确定，确信Can we be sure of his honesty. /Can we be sure that he is honest?
17、I m sure of winning the game. 3) be sure to do 说话人推测主语“ 一定；必然会 ” 或 (常用于祈使句)务必做某事He is sure to be back soon. 他一定会很快回来。Be sure not to forget it. 千万别忘了。注意： be sure of 与 be sure to do 的区别：.He is sure of his success. =He is sure that he will succeed. 他确信他会成功。.He is sure to succeed. 他一定会成功。(说话人的看法 ) . Be
18、sure to write and tell me all your news. 务必来信把你所有情况都告诉我。另外，常见的与sure相关的短语还有：be sure of oneself 有自信心， for sure 的确；确实地，sure enough果真，果然。用于口语，此时的“Sure. ”相当于 “Of course. ” 与“Certainly.”。4. From the agreement came the Human Development Report. 表示方位或方式的副词和介词短语放在句首用完全倒装, 即谓语动词完全置于主语之前。At the foot of the mou
19、ntain lies a small village. Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。Here comes the bus. 车来了。 (To the) south of our school stand many shops. 【部分倒装】only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放于句首否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom 等放于句首 so+adj/adv+( 倒装)+ that 1. Only when he returned did we find out the truth (We found out
20、the truth only when he returned.) 2. Never before have I seen such a moving film.(I have never seen such a moving film before) 3. So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.(He speaks English so clearly that) 5 S.+ be + adj. + to do easy/ good/ safe/comfortable/ dang
21、erous/hard/ difficult1).The water is not pure to drink (drink) 2).He needs a chair comfortable to sit on.(sit ) 3).The young man felt the room cold to live in (live) 语法要求 ：1.but 和 however 的联系和区别however 作副词用时 ,表示“ 然而；但是 ”,可以位于句首、句中和句末；位于句首时,要用逗号与句子其它部分隔开；位于句中时,其前后都要用逗号；位于句末时其前用逗号分开. however 与 but 两者都
22、做 “ 但是,然而 ” 讲,而且都引出并列句.从语义上看 ,but 所表示的是非常明显的对比,转折的意味较 however 要强 .从语序上看 ,but 总是位于所引出的分句之首,而 however 却可位于句首、句中和句末,同时从标点符号上看,but 之后一般不得使用逗号,而 however 则必须用逗号与句子其它部分分开. 2. although 引导状语从句精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档Module3 重
23、要短语 : pick up at sea迷茫on average natural disaster catch fire 失火 /着火pour down 倾泻而下set fire to 放火烧manage to do sth. put out 熄灭report on 报道 fall down from side to side in all 总共，合计not at all 一点也不，别客气after all 毕竟，终究above all 首先，尤其是first of all 首先come to an end 结束，完结turn over 移交 ; 翻转according to take pla
24、ce a total of 总数为in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪fall into ruin 已成废墟bring sb. to ruin 毁灭某人end up 到达或来到某处end up with sth.以某事作为结束end up doing sth.以做某事为结束bury oneself in sth. 埋头于、专心致志于某事物be buried in 埋头于，专心致志于sth.occurs to sb.某事被某人想起it occurs to sb. + that-clause 某人突然想到 it occurs to sb. to do sth.某人突然想到做某事on the sam
25、e latitude 在同一纬度warn sb. (not)to do sth. 警告某人（不）干某事warn sb. of sth.警告某人当心某事be experienced in/at 在 方面有经验重要句型 : 1.A good idea suddenly struck me. 我忽然想到一个好主意strike sb.+介词 +the +具体部位打某人的某个部位eg. strike him on the back 打某人的背hit sb in the face 打某人的脸pat sb on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀be struck by 被 所打动，被 迷住【注意区分】
26、 strike, hit, beat, knock strike “(钟)敲打，撞击，袭击” ， 表示有力的打一下。beat 连续地打，心脏的跳动，在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方，也可表示殴打，体罚。hit 瞄准某物而击中。也可表示“ 袭击 ”knock 用拳头或硬的东西“ 敲、击、打2. words meanings occur 偶然发生；突然想起It occurred to sb. that .happen 偶然发生；碰巧It happened that/ sb. happen to do sth. break out (战争、火灾、疾病、争吵) 突然爆发take place (有计划地 )
27、发生 ; 举行3.There was the possibility of It is possible that 语法要求：1. by the time 意为“到 时候（为止）” ，是一个介词短语，在句中经常起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档它的主要用法如下：1).如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即
28、过去的过去”。By the time did, sb. had done sth. By the time he returned home ，the rain had stopped. 2).如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时 （表示将来） ， 那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时，表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。By the time do/does , sb. will have done sth. By the time you get back ，I shall have finished the work. 3).如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某
29、个时候的状况， （主句是 be的系表形式或者是表示像know, find, believe 等表示认知的持续性动词，则往往用一般时态，不用完成时态。）此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time 相当于 when。 例如：He was out of breath by the time he reached the top. 登上顶端时，他气喘吁吁。2. 过去完成时的被动语态：had+过去分词3. 间接引语。英语中常用两种方式引用别人的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。如果把直接引语变为间接引
30、语，从句中的人称、时态、代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般都要作相应的改变。3. 定语从句。Module 4 重要短语cut out 剪除;切掉 ;割掉cut up 切碎;使伤心cut of 切断 ;停掉 ;隔绝cut in 插嘴cut down 砍掉 ;消减dig up 挖出be caught in 被困在 (风、雨、雪 )中catch up with 赶上 ;跟上catch hold of 抓住 ,握住catch sight of 看见walk up to 认识到 /意识到sweep away 扫除 /清除 /冲走 /刮走take in 吸入（空气） ;欺骗;体会;收容give out 分发
31、;发出 (气味、热气 )；用尽take away 带走take off 脱下 ,拿掉 ,起飞take on 承担take up 举起,开始做 ;占据give up 放弃give in 屈服 ;让步 ,投降give off 送出 ;发出（光等）give away 赠送 ;放弃 ;泄漏 ;出卖have an effect on complain to sb 向 诉苦 /发牢骚complain about/of sth 抱怨某事one after another 一个接一个look through 仔细检查be part of 成为 的一部分masses of/a mass of许多 ,大量the
32、masses群众,平民in the mass 大体而论 ,总体上a weather forecast 天气预报give/make a forecast 预言 ,预报solve problems if possible 如果可能if any 如果有的话if necessary 如果需要的话if so 如果是这样的话if ever 如果曾经有的话if not 不这样的话think seriously about 认真考虑prevent/stop/keep(from)doingin a nutshell/ in a word/ in brief/ in short一言以蔽之be concerned
33、for/about/over 对关心 ,担心,忧虑be concerned with/in 与有关as far as sth.is concerned就某事而言重要句型1. appear to似乎，好像 / It appears that He is only forty , but appears to be (be) quite old. It appears to me thatThe girl appears to have known (know) it. 这女孩好像已经知道了这件事。It appears to me that you are all mistaken. 我觉得你们全
34、错了。2. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档words meanings strength 着重指人的力气，物的强度。force 自然力量；暴力，势力；法律，道德，感情力量；军事力量等energy 主要指人的精力；自然界的能量power 用途最广，包括能力，功能；事物的力量；职权，权力或政权3. sothat / such that. 引导结果状语从句【注意】 1)such 与 so 2)little 少/小3)
35、当 so 或 such 置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。The boy was so frightened that he didnt know what to do.改为倒装句： So frightened was the boy that he didnt know what to do.4.I couldn t agree with you more / it couldn t be worse if possible 语法要求：一： to do 不定式(一)结构 : to do (否定) not to do (二)不定式的各种时态主动语态被动语态一般式 to do to be done
36、进行式 to be doing - 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing - (三)用法1). 主To see is to believe. It s important to learn .用 it 作形式主语 . 2). 表My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom. 3) 宾I want to go home. think/ consider/ find /make/feel it + adj.+ to do 常用动词
37、不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, set out choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. 4). 宾warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help. 五看 watch see look at observe notice 三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear 一感觉 : feel 不定式用在介词but,
38、 except, besides 后时 ,如果这些介词前有行为动词do 的各种形式 ,那么介词后的不定式不带 to,相反则带 to. She could do nothing but cry. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档I have no choice but to go. What do you like to do besides sleep. 注：在 cant but ，cant help but ，
39、cant choose but （意思是不得不，只能，只好），的结构后，不定式不带to 5). 定语I have something to say. (如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.) 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：? 动宾关系I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。? 主谓关系He is always the first to come. 他总是第一个来。? 同位关系We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。
40、不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或 way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：Do you have anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send 的动作执行者是you）Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什
41、么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式 to be sent 的动作执行者是已被省略的me 或 someone else ）6) 状I came here to see you. in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too .to.,(7).独立结构To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth 不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He
42、didn t know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语 ) How to solve the problem is very important.如 何 解 决 这 个 问 题 很 重 要 。 ( 主 语 ) My question is when to start. 我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语 ) 注意：在与 why 连用时，只用于 why 或 why not 开头的简短疑问句中， 后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest?固定句型 : had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事Why (not)
43、 do sth.? prefer to do/prefer doingprefer n./doing to n./doing prefer to do rather than (to) do would rat her (not) do sth. would rather do than (do) would rather sb. did（虚拟语气）要做 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档(1).They pret
44、ended not to see us. (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎 /发生在它之后 .) (2). He pretended to be sleeping. (在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行) (3).She pretended to have known it before. (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) (4).We re happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) Module 5 重要短语：be related to 与.有关be equal to
45、等于human being be born good 人之初 ,性本善tell the time 报时bring up 养育,教育 ;提出 ;呕吐bring down 使倒下 ,消减bring back 恢复 ,使想起bring in 收(庄稼 );引进be at war with 与.交战live a (n) life follow / take one s advice a sense of responsibility 责任感make sense 有意义 ,讲的通make sense of懂,理解There is no sense in doing sth 做某事不明智 /没意义reac
46、h /arrive at/ draw/ come to a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 最后，总之make a contribution to in some ways 在某些方面lay stress on sth. 强调某事put stress on sth. place stress on sth. stress the importance ofhave an influence on/upon sth.对某事有影响influence sb. to do sth. 影响某人做某事be influenced It is/was a time when 那是一个
47、 的时期travel from state to state 周游列国The reason why is that 的理由是 The reason for sth. is that 某事的理由是 argue with sb about/over sth 某人争论argue for 据理力争argue against 反对in good/ poor condition 状况良好 (不好 ) on one condition 有一个条件on condition that 如果 ,条件是 ,只要on no condition 决不no faster than 和一样不快 = as slowly as
48、 重要句型：1.order n. & v. 秩序，顺序，命令，订购，eg.1)Then they called out our names in order and we answered yes or no . ( 翻译 ) 然后他们按顺序点我们的名字，我们回答对错。out of order 无序的，杂论无章的in order (of) 以 顺序 in order to 为了in order that 为了 place an order with sb for sth 向某人订购某put in order 按顺序排列，整齐摆放2. If ,then 3. No more than 语法要求：
49、一：限制性定语从句：用来修饰某个名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。引导定语从句的关系代词：that，which ，who, whom, whose, as 关系副词： when, where, how, why 注意： 1. 介词放在关系代词前面时，介词宾语只能用which 代物，用whom 代人。2. 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中担任介词宾语而介词在句尾时，关系代词可省略。3. 有时为了行文需要，定语从句中的关系代词和部分谓语动词可省略。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共
50、11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档Module 6 重要短语：provide sth. for sb. /sb. with sth date from /back to 起源于out of date 过时up to date 最新fix a date for sth 给某事约定日期have a date with sb 和某人约会hold back 阻挡 ,忍住,抑制 (情感hold one s breath屏住气hold up 耽搁 ;妨碍 (交通等 ) hold on 坚持;(电话)请等一下dream of 梦想dream adream 做一个 梦work