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1、1A知识点总结一 词类1. 名词: 普通名词:mobile , coat, umbrella , camera , bicycle , key , dress, flower , pyjamas 职业名词:student , teacher , accountant, photographer, policeman,policewoman, postman, actor, actress, secretary , burglar2. 形容词:tall,short,old,new,young,fat,thin,handsome,beautiful, pretty,small,big,clean,
2、dirty,thick,thin,light,heavy,empty,full,Early,late,shut,open,Strong,weak,ugly,long, fast, slow, fresh, hungry, thirsty, hot, cold, dark, blonde, little, expensive, cheap,3. 人称代词:主 I you he she it we you they 宾 me you him her it us you them 形物代: my your his her its our your their4. 方位词和介词a : 方位词 : in
3、 on under in front of behind next to near beside between b : 介词 : in 用在季节,月份,年份 ,大地点。 On 用在具体的日期前,在星期前 at 在旁边,具体的时间点前, 具体的地点前, from 来自,从到 , be from , come from , fromto 5. 特殊疑问词:(1)what 对“什么”提问, (2) where 对 “地点 , 哪里”提问 (3)which 对“哪一个” (4) who对 “人”提问(5)Whose对 “谁的,形物代,名物代”提问 (6) How old对 “年龄”提问(7)What
4、 colour对 “颜色”提问 , (8) what nationality对 “国籍”提问(9)Whats the matter with ? 对 “怎么样了”提问(10)What time is it ?对 “时间”提问,(11)How many对 “多少”提问(可数名词)6. 名词变复数的变化规则: (1)一般情况下直接加s(2)以s, x, ch ,sh, 结尾的加es, 结尾的有生命的加es , 无生命的加s,有两个o结尾的也加s,例如 :kangaroo-kangaroos (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的把y变为i 再加es,Cherrycherries(4)以元音字母加y 结尾的加s
5、 , 例如:boys (5)以f ,fe ,结尾的把f,fe,变为v 再加esWifewives shelfshelves knifeknives(6)不规则的特殊记manmen,womanmen , policemanpolicemen , policewoman-policewomen , thisthese , that those ,childchildren7. a ,an 的用法:a 用在 辅音因素前, an 用在元音音素前(不是元音字母).名词所有格: 人名+ s , 职业名词 / 名词 + s 表示 “谁的”例如: Its Pauls . Its Lily s Its the
6、doctors . Its the boy s . Its the girl s . Its the teachers .二 句型1 一般疑问句(1)变一般疑问句:先看句中是否有be (am, is , are ) 和情态动词can , 如果含有be (am, is , are ) ,can , 直接把be (am, is , are ) ,can 提前(2)如果没有be ,can , 要借助于助动词 do 或者 does2. 特殊疑问句,由 “特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句”构成 特殊疑问词有: what ,where ,how,who,whose , which 等3. 选择疑问句:由单词or
7、 (或者,还是)构成。例如: Is she a teacher or a nurse ? -She is a nurse.4. There be 句型 :There be表示“有”,某处有某物()There be 分为There is (单数和不可数),There are (复数)(2)含有There be 的句子变一般疑问句,把be 提前,首字母大写,末尾加问号,如果遇到第一人陈,要变为第二人称。结构式 :I / Are there ? 肯定回答:Yes , there is/ are . 否定回答 : No , there isnt / arent ()变否定句: 直接在be 后加not , There is /are not 5.Give + 宾格(宾语)+Give me / you / him / her / it / us / you / them a / an