2022年名词的用法及归纳 .pdf

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1、精品文档精品文档名词的用法及归纳名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。一、名词的分类类别用法例词普 通 名词表示一类人、或东西、或一个抽象概念的名词可 数 名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体pen, student, desk, book, bike 集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体family, class, people, school 不 可 数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物air, water, paper 抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念work, time, news 专 有 名词表示某个（些）人、地方、机构等专有的名称（注意：这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写

2、）翻译： 长城；汤姆；中国二、名词的数1. 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式的构成：变形规则写出以下词语的复数形式1、 一般情况下，在词尾加sbook 2、ch, sh, s, x .+ es watch , box 3、o + es （动植物）tomato , potato o + s （非动植物）photo , radio 4、元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）+ y + s boy ; holiday ; monkey （辅音字母）.+ y .ies study ; technology 5、f, fe ves wife .; leaf 6、双重复数变为复数： a woman

3、nurse 变为复数： a man doctor 国民的复数形式：国别复数形式Chinese / Japanese （中日）Englishman / Frenchm an / （英法）American/ Australian/ German, etc. / / （其他）2. 不可数名词一般没有复数形式，若表示确定数量时，一般用“数词+ 量词 + of + 不可数名词” 。【例题】翻译以下词组：两杯水：；两条新闻：；两张纸：；几片面包：；两袋大米：；3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。不可数名词词义可数名词词义不可数名词词义可数名词词义fruit 水果fruits foo

4、d 食物foods fish 鱼fishes drink 饮料、酒a drink cloth 布a cloth sand 沙sands chicken 鸡肉a chicken orange 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档橘汁an orange glass 玻璃glasses paper 纸a paper wood 木头woods room 空间a room 4. 数量的表示：修饰可数名词a few 一点苹果：（肯

5、定）few (几乎没有 ) 一点苹果：（否定）many 许多人：a (great) number of 大量学生：修饰不可数名词a little 一点点面包：（肯定）little (几乎没有）一点面包：（否定）much 许多大米：(large) amounts of 大量的水资源：a great deal of 许多钱：既 修 饰 可 数 名 词又修饰不可数名词a lot of = lots of 许多羊：（只用于肯定）plenty of 大量的信息：some 一些故事：any 一些错误：enough 足够的食物：三、名词的所有格1. 有生命的名词所有格，以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词

6、所有格： 不是以 s结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加s。【例题】：麦克的手表： 以 s 结尾的名词变成所有格时，只加 。【例题】：老师们的办公室：； 两个或两个以上名词并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加s。【例题】：汤姆和麦克的房间：; 杰克和玛丽的姐姐：; 两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加s。【例题】：玛丽的自行车和汤姆的自行车：汤姆的姐姐和麦克的姐姐： 在表示“店铺、某某家、诊所”的名词所有格后面，一般省去被修饰的名词。【例题】：在他弟弟家：；在医生的诊所里：；在史密斯先生家：； 用所有格表示时间或距离的方法：【例题】：开车十分钟的路程：；一个月的假期：；两

7、周的工作： 用所有格表示节日的方法。如：Teachers Day；Children s Day 注意：除了父亲节和母亲节（Mother s Day、Father s Day） ，其他节日都用名词复数的所有格表示。【例题】：妇女节：; 儿童节：; 2. 无生命的事物的名词所有格，常用of 结构。【例题】：一张中国地图：；这个游戏的开始；这个房间的门：3. 特殊形式：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档1） 可用 s和 o

8、f 短语表示的名词所有格：【例题】：用 of 短语表示： the boy s name=；China s population=2） 双重所有格。【例题】：我妈妈的一个朋友：；汤姆的一张照片：练习选择题 A： （数）1. In the picture there are many _ and two _. A. sheep, foxes B. sheeps, fox C. sheeps, foxes D. sheep, foxs 2. In Britain, _ are all painted red. A. letter boxes B. letters boxes C. letter bo

9、x D letters box 3. Please remember to give the horse some tree _. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave 4.Can we have some _? Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C. apple D. pear 5. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories 6. What would you like to have for lunc

10、h, sir? Id like _. A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken 7. Children should make _ for old people in a bus. A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room 8. Tables are made of _. A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods 9. There are four _ and two _ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japanes

11、es, Germen C. Japanese, Germans D. Japanese, Germens 10. A group of _ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. Japanese D. American 11. There are sixty-seven _ in our school. A. womens teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher 12. There are five _ in our facto

12、ry. A. woman driver B. women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers 13. Would you like _ tea? No, thanks. I have drunk two _. A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges 14. He is hungry. Give him _ to eat. A. two breads B. two piece o

13、f bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads 15. Can you give me _? A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea 16. John bought _ for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes 17. What _ lovely weather it is! A. / B. t

14、he C. an D. a 18. He gave us _ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice 19. It really took him _ to draw the nice horse. A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -

15、- 精品文档精品文档20. She was very happy. She in the maths test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake 选择题 B： （所有格）1. March 8th is _ Day. A. Woman s B. Women s C. WomansD. Women 2. Is the broom under _ desk? No, its under _. A. the teachers; my B. teachers;

16、mine C. teachers; me D. the teachers; mine 3. Excuse me, where is the _? A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms 4. The football under the bed is _. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys 5. His bag is nicer than _ in his class. A. any other student B. t

17、he other students C. any other students D. any students6. Joan is _. A. Marys and Jack sister B. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Marys and Jacks sister 7. In a few _ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years C. years D. years 8. The post office is a bit far

18、from here. Its about_. A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk 9. Please take two _. A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park 10. Miss Smith is a friend of _. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C.

19、 mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers 附加题：1. We could see _ children and hear _ noise in the park. A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many 2. Computers can do _ work in a short time, but a man cannot do _ by himself. A. great many; many B. much; a great many C. a great deal of; much D. ma

20、ny; a great many 3. In her letter Aunt Mary told us many _ about her visit to Japan. A. news B. stories C. advices D. idea 4. Mr. Li often gives us _ by e-mail. A. some good informations B. some good information C. good informations D. a good information 5. Can I help you, sir? I d like to have 100

21、_. I want the students to draw pictures on them.A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper 6. They want three _. A. loaf bread B. loaf of bread C. loaves bread D. loaves of bread 7. September 10th is _ Day. A. the Teacher B. TeachersC. Teacher D. Teachers8. Those nice cars are those fam

22、ous _. A. dancers B. dancersC. dancer s D. dancer 9. The two desks here are _. You may use the desk over there. A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and JanesD. Mary s and Janes10. How far is it from your office to your flat? It s about _.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20-minutes walk C. walk 20 minut

23、es D. 20 minutes walk精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档11. I m going to help _ with _ English.A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancy s, herC. a friend of Nancy s, hersD. a friend of Nancy, her 12. _ that pair of new _

24、expensive? A. Is, shoe B. Are, shoe C. Is shoes D. Are, shoes 13. _ leaving for Beijing tomorrow. A. The Zhang is B. The Zhangs are C. The Zhangs areD. Zhangs is 14. This is a book of _. A. Tom B. Toms C. her D. him 15. The post card is sent by _. A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my fathers C

25、. my father friend D. my father friends 16. This room is _. A. Bill and David s B. Bill s and David s C. Bills and David s D. Bill and David 17. I would like to have _. A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks 18. This table is made of _. A. many glas

26、s B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass 19. I wonder why _ are so interested in action films. A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples 20. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller _. A. set B. one C. piece D. pair 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 文档编码：KDHSIBDSUFVBSUDHSIDHSIBF-SDSD587FCDCVDCJUH 欢迎下载 精美文档欢迎下载 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -