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1、专题限时集训 (二十一 )阅读理解词义猜测题(对应学生用书第 157 页) 加的为词义猜测题A(2017 苏北四市高三一模)With Apples iPhone 7 and Googles new Pixel phones putting such an emphasis on powerful camera technology，smartphone photography is more powerful than ever.And while phones typically have great built-in photography apps ，many other options
2、 can be easier or expand your range. ProCamera is an excellent option for iOS devices.Using this app feels like raising a singlelens reflex camera(单反相机 )to your eye.With a few taps on the screen ，you can display a grid to help compose a shot properly and a guide to warn if your composition is tilted
3、(倾斜的 )You can also control the white balance and bring up a live histogram(直方图 )that shows how strong the colors in the final photo will be.There are quick access buttons to shoot in video ，photo，high dynamic range or other modes and theres even a bar code scanner option.Most impressive is ProCamera
4、s anti- shake feature，which waits for you to stop moving before it activates the shutter.In the settings menu ，you can control most of the apps features and select how much compression is applied to the final saved images.In other words，the app gives users professional level control of an image. Bec
5、ause of its complexity，ProCamera takes a while to get used to，and the exact features depend on which iPhone you have.The app costs $5 and some features，like a lowlight mode to help shoot better pictures at night ， are upgrades that cost a few dollars each.Its definitely worth it. On Android，one app
6、equivalent to ProCamera is Camera FV5.This app also feels like using a single -lens reflex camera ，with similar manual control.Camera FV5 includes features like a live histogram ，burst mode shooting, exposure bracketing and timelapse imagery.It also offers choices over the kind of files it saves to
7、your device, 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - and has a comprehensive settings page.Unlike some other Android camera apps ，Camera FV5 has a professional -looking and easy to use interface.It costs $4. To edit a perfect portrait or lan
8、dscape photo ，Adobes software is the choice of professional photographers.There is a version for mobile devices too Adobe Photoshop Fixwhich lets you heal an images defect ，adjust shadow intensity，fix the contrast or add effects.Mastering the features of Photoshop Fix will take time ，but your final
9、images dont look too artificial with the application of Photoshop Fix.Its interface is sometimes confusing ， but the app has built - in help and， best of all， is free for both iOS and Android. 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了三款可以用在智能手机上的图片处理应用软件。1What is the authors purpose in writing the passage? ATo introdu
10、ce some powerful smartphone photography apps. BTo advertise some apps for your smartphone photography. CTo show the features of some built - in apps of photography. DTo promote advanced camera technology of smartphones. A考查作者意图。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了三款供智能手机使用的图片处理应用软件： ProCamera 、Camera FV5 以及 Adobe Photosh
11、op Fix。故选 A。 2What can we learn about ProCamera? AIt can be a single - lens reflex camera to your eye. BIt can adjust the light effects of the final image. CIt can be updated automatically upon the purchase. DIt can inform users of images being too complex. B考查细节理解。根据第二段第四句话可知，用户使用这款软件处理图片的话，可以控制最终成
12、像的颜色亮度，即可以调节最终图片的光效。 故选 B。 3.The underlined word “equivalent ” in Paragraph 4 means _Acomparable 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - Bfamiliar Crelevant Dsuited A考查词义猜测。根据第二段中讲述的Pro-Camera的软件属性及第四段中讲述的 Camera FV5的软件特点可知 ，画线词所在句表示的是Camera
13、 FV5和ProCamera的软件功能相同 ，画线词意为 “相同的 ”，故选 A。 4If you want to make your photo true-to-life，you turn to _ Aanti- shake technology BAdobes software Ca live histogram Dbuilt-in help B考查细节理解。根据最后一段倒数第二句话中的“ .but your final images dont look too artificial with the application of Photoshop Fix.” 可知，用 Adobe的软件
14、 Photoshop Fix处理的图片显得更加真实 ，故选 B。 B【导学号： 25874076】(2017 盐城市高三三模 )A conversation in which neither party is listening to the other was classified as a “duologue ” by Abraham Kaplan，a philosopher who died in 1993.A duologue，he suggested ，is more than a monologue but less than a dialogue.Multiply a duolo
15、gue by a roomful of people ，he jokingly added，and you have a conference.Two psychologists have now given his ideas some substance ，by showing that people do indeed often fail to notice when the conversations they are engaged in have been temporarily reduced to nonsense. Bruno Galantucci of Yeshiva U
16、niversity in New York and Gareth Roberts of Haskins Laboratories in New Haven，Connecticut，are interested in how and why languages evolve.The mainstream view of why people communicate is that they are trying to transmit information faithfully.The “information” may not be true，of course.But even lies，
17、this view holds，are told in the hope that they will be 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - understood.Sometimes faithful transmission is indeed the intention，as when a pilot communicates ，according to strict rules，with a control tower.Ac
18、cording to Dr Galantucci and Dr Roberts ，however，transmitting information efficiently takes a lot of effort and is the exception rather than the rule.In normal conversation ，they report in a paper in PLOS ONE，people are surprisingly deaf to incoherence They demonstrated this by asking pairs of stude
19、nt volunteers to chat using an instant messaging program.These volunteers ，who had never met，did so sitting in separate rooms.They were given the task of identifying the differences in colour between two versions of a cartoon(each could see only one version) Unbeknown to them，though，another pair wer
20、e performing the same task at the same time，with a different cartoon.While the two conversations were going on ， the researchers switched between them so that a student would suddenly and without warning find himself chatting to someone from the other pair.There were four such crossings during the 1
21、5-minute experimental period，each lasting 30 seconds.Afterwards the volunteers were asked to establish if they had noticed anything strange about their conversation. Having repeated the experiment with variations to allow for the fact that students who volunteer for psychology experiments tend to be
22、 cautious about dirty tricks，Dr Galantucci and Dr Roberts reported that between 27% and 42% of participants did not notice that their conversations had been switched.Instead ，those participants had simply talked in a confused way regardless.Of course，exchanging instant messages is not quite the same
23、 as talking，so the two researchers have not definitively proved that many dialogues are actually duologues.But this research certainly adds to the suspicion that even supposedly purposeful communication often isnt. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。 主要介绍了关于 “ duologue” 现象的研究。5According to Abraham Kaplan，a duologue_
24、Acan ruin a conference Boften occurs among a crowd of people Cprovides instant feedback Dis an inattentive conversation between people 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - D考查推理判断。根据第一段的第一句和第二句“A conversation in which neither party is lis
25、tening to the other was classified as a duologue by Abraham Kaplan，a philosopher who died in 1993.A duologue ，he suggested ，is more than a monologue but less than a dialogue. ”可知， “duologue”是交谈双方注意力不集中的谈话。故选D 项。 6Its generally believed that people communicate to _ Alead others to believe lies Bexplo
26、re the faithful information Cconvey information to each other Ddistinguish faithful information from lies C考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“The mainstream view of why people communicate is that they are trying to transmit information faithfully.” 可知，人们交流的目的是如实地传达信息。故选C 项。 7.The underlined word “incoherence ” in Para
27、graph 2 means something that _Aspeakers cant express precisely Bgoes off the subject of the conversation Cis abstract and difficult to understand Dspeakers dont prepare listeners to understand B考查词义猜测。根据第二段的最后两句 “According to Dr Galantucci and Dr Roberts，however，transmitting information efficiently
28、takes a lot of effort and is the exception rather than the rule.In normal conversation .people are surprisingly deaf to incoherence ”可知，人们在正常的交谈中丝毫不能察觉到没有逻辑的内容 ，即偏离交谈主题的内容 ，incoherence表示“偏离主题 ，没有连贯性 ，无逻辑性 ”。故选 B 项。 8What can we learn from the psychology experiments? AMore than half of the subjects t
29、alked in a confused way. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - BIt takes a lot of effort to convey information clearly. CPeople are able to realize the nonsense in their communication. DThe experiments prove that purposeful communication d
30、oesnt exist. B考查推理判断。根据实验的内容和文章最后一句可知，这一研究确实加深了一种猜测 ，那就是即使是据称有目的的交流往往也并非如此。这进一步证明了第二段的一个观点：transmitting information efficiently takes a lot of effort and is the exception rather than the rule 。故选 B 项。 C【导学号： 25874077】(江苏省名校高三入学摸底卷(考点卷二 )A survey suggests that ，for most of us who have ever had a pet
31、companion，there is no doubt that mammals(哺乳动物)and birds are emotional creatures ，sharing emotions with multiple species and not just their own. It was only in 2012 that scientists finally agreed that nonhuman animals are conscious beings.Meanwhile，in the laboratory，we have only just discovered that
32、dogs display immensely complex ， humanlike emotions like jealousy ， and we are only just interpreting how cows express positive emotions through their eyes.But what about insects? An experiment was carried out on our all-important flower loving friends，honeybees.As once discussed ，emotions influence
33、 our perceptions and behavior，which can even lead to empathy(移情)So imagine that your house has just been broken into by burglars and you are feeling shocked ， upset， and really angry.Youre so mad，in fact，that despite your friends trying to do and say everything possible to cheer you up ， you feel so
34、 pessimistic that you simply see the bad side in everything.In fact，youre so upset that even your favorite food seems totally unappetizing.Well，this_is_exactly_what_happened_with_the_bees The poor guys were shoved into a vortex(a machine used to mix chemicals)for one minute to simulate an attack on
35、their hive and cause them to feel angry. The bees were then presented with different solutions containing different 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - proportions of two smelly chemicals：one that the bees had been trained to associate w
36、ith a yummy sugary treat，and the other that they had been trained to associate with a bitter horrible taste. Bees that had been upset became pessimistic and were more likely to react to the horrible smell in the mixtures and withdraw rather than being attracted to the yummy smell.Those not upset ，on
37、 the other hand ，remained optimistic. Yet the authors were reluctant to say that this anger - like state was a definitive emotion.It is interesting to note that if dogs did the same thing and turned down their food after their owner had just died，for example，many wouldnt doubt that the behavior was
38、emotional. To be honest ， we still cant say to what degree insects experience emotions yet，although these early experiments are certainly setting the foundations for a future where we recognize that all animals have emotions of some sort. Hopefully, we may be one step closer to comparing insects exp
39、eriences of feelings with our own.As we continually do research deeper into the genetic and neurological basis of emotions ，the evolutionary origins of emotions will undoubtedly be gradually unearthed Perhaps this will take us one step closer to letting go of our big ego(自负)and realizing that all an
40、imals experience emotions of some kind. 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。 研究发现 ， 像昆虫这样的非哺乳动物也具有情感。9What does the writer mainly mean by “this is exactly what happened with the bees” ?ABees will lose appetite once theyre attacked. BBees behavior is affected by their emotions. CBees have many similarities to humans. DBees
41、 can hardly keep positive when in danger. B考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“As once discussed ， emotions influence our perceptions and behavior ，which can even lead to empathy( 移情)”和下文列举的人类在某种特定的情况下的表现以及接下来讲述的通过实验得出蜜蜂在相似的情况下也有相同的表现的结论可知，画线句的言外之意是：蜜蜂的行为精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - -
42、-第 7 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 受其情绪的影响。 10What does the experiment with bees indicate? ABees have a tendency to become angry. BIt is difficult for optimistic bees to feel angry. CAngry bees tend to see the downside. DBees react to the bad smell more often. C考查推理判断。根据第四、五段的内容可知，那些在实验中变得悲观的蜜蜂会对混合物中难
43、闻的气味作出反应，而那些持有乐观情绪的蜜蜂则易被混合物中好闻的气味吸引，由此可推知 ，被激怒的蜜蜂会更容易看到消极的东西，故选 C。 11.Which word can replace the underlined word in the last paragraph? ARelived. BValued. CIgnored. DExposed. D考查词义猜测。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是首尾两句可知 ，作者对该研究发现是持支持的态度的。故画线词所在句表示“情感的进化起源无疑将会被慢慢揭露 ”，故 unearth意为“发现，发掘”。 12What can be the best title o
44、f the passage? ADo insects have emotions and empathy? BHow do insects express their emotions? CWhy are bees more sensitive to anger? DWhat feelings govern insects behavior? A考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章主要讲的是昆虫同人类一样，也会有感情且会移情 ，故 A 项作本文标题最佳。 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -