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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上不能用于被动语态的几种情况总结四川省阆中中学校 任金石1、there be 结构及所有的不及物动词或动词短语充当谓语时,无被动语态。e.g:There are twelve moths in a year, Many of his songs have remained popular as ever,他的许多歌曲和以往一样仍然很流行。Winning the medal is like a dream come true.获得奖牌好比梦想成真。注:常见的不及物动词或动词短语有:appear, die, happen, lie(躺;位于), remain, occur,
2、 come true, break out, take place 等。2、表示“状态”的谓语动词,如:last, hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, look like, consist of 等不能用被动语态。e.g:Each game lasts about an hour.每场比赛约一小时。 The committee consists of ten members.委员会由十人组成。3、表示“归属”的动词,如have,own,belong to 等。e.g:We have three meals a day.我们一日吃三餐。
3、These islands belong to Spain.这些岛屿隶属西班牙。4、表示“希望、意图”的动词,如wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。e.g:But I hate autumn and winter。但是我讨厌秋天和冬天。5、宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主语语态,不能用被动语态。e.g:We should help each other. I found myself unable to speak.我发现自己说不出话了。6、宾语是用源宾语、不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。e.g: In the past, they lived a mis
4、erable life. They dont allow smoking.7、主动形式表示被动意义。当某些连系动词,如feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时。e.g:The fish semlls good .鱼闻起来很香。The steel feels very cold. 钢摸起来很凉。当cut、read、sell、wear、write等表示主语内在“品质或性能”的动词,其后跟一个副词时。e.g:This kind of colth waskes easily.这种布容易洗。These novels wont sell well.这些小说不会畅销。 My p
5、en writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义,说明主语的意志时。 e.g:The door wont lock. 门锁不上。 The car wont start.车就是发动不起来。want, require, need 后面的动名词用主语形式表示被动含义。e.g:The room needs cleaning = The room needs to be cleaned.这房间需要打扫。注:这三个动词后的动名词主动形式也可替换成动词不定式的被动形式。be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动意义。e.g:This book
6、 is well worth reading.在“be+ adj + to do”结构中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时,不定式的动词用主语形式表示被动意义。e.g:This kind of water isnt fit to drink. 这种水不宜喝。The girl isnt easy to get along with. 这个女孩不易相处。在“have+宾语+to do”结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时,不定式用主语语态,否则用被动语态。e.g:“ Do you have any homework to do?” asked Mother.妈妈问:“你有作业要做吗?”(“you”
7、去执行“do”这个动作)“Do you have clothes to be washed?” asked the servant.仆人问:“你有衣服要洗吗?(“you”不去执行“wash”这个动作)with复合结构With a lot of problems to settle, she looks a little anxious .(settle 虽与problems 构成动宾关系,但和句子主语she 是主谓关系,因此此结构中的不定式用主语形式。)有许多问题要解决,她看起来有点着急。be to blame(受责备), be to let (出租)也用主动形式表示被动含义。e.g:He is to blame for the accident. 他应该对那个事故负责。专心-专注-专业