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1、Grammar and usage -Noun Clauses 名词性从句名词性从句 名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句。宾语从句和同位语从句。1.When we will start is not clear.2. She wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.
2、4. I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句I 名词性从句的种类名词性从句的种类主语从句一般有三种结构：主语从句一般有三种结构：1. 1. 主语从句主语从句+ +谓语谓语That she will win the match is certain.2.It+be+2.It+be+形容词（名词词组、过去分词）形容词（名词词组、过去分词）+that+that从句从句It is important that we teens should learn English.It is good ne
3、ws that he will attend the meeting on behalf of our school.It is said that our school will hold a sports meeting3. It +seem (happen，appear等不及物动词)+that从句It seems that Katy is not coming to this party.宾语从句的结构宾语从句的结构主句主句 + + 连接词连接词( (引导词引导词) + ) + 宾语从句宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句，宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句，宾语从句放在
4、放在及物动词及物动词或或介词介词之后作宾语。之后作宾语。I dont know why he is always late for school.We all agree with what you said at the meeting.宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句 表语从句位于连系动词后表语从句位于连系动词后, ,有时用有时用as ifas if引导。引导。其基本结构为其基本结构为: :主语主语 + + 系动词系动词 + that+ that从句。从句。1. 1. be, look, remain, 等系等系动词后均可跟表语从句：动词后均可跟表语从句：My suggestion is
5、that we should go shopping.2. 2. as if 也可引导表语从句。也可引导表语从句。 It looks as if its going to rain. 3.the reason why is that 和和It is because 等结构等结构。It was because I got up late.同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些句中某些名词名词的后面，说明这些的后面，说明这些名词的含义名词的含义。可跟。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：同位语从句的名词主要有：fact, news,
6、promise, reason, idea, hope, word, belief等。等。Beijing ,the capital of China, is my hometown.We heard the news that our team had won. We were happy to hear the news that was announced by our boss.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语短语同位语短语1. (2008山东山东)_ was most important to her was her family. A. it B. this C. What
7、 D. as2. (2009北京，北京，31）At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _it got any better. A.When B. how C. why D. if3. (2006全国全国I,23）See the flags on top of the building?That was _ we did this morning. A. When B. which C. where D. what4. (2009浙江，浙江，12）Is there any poss
8、ibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?-No problem.A. When B. that C. whether D. what主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句 I. 名词性从句的引导词：名词性从句的引导词：1.连接词连接词 ：that、if、whether不作成分不作成分无意义无意义2. 连接代词连接代词 ：who、 whom 、whose、 what、 which3. 连接副词：连接副词： when、 where、why、how“是是否否”作状语作状语作主作主/宾宾/表表注意注意: 区别区别if 与
9、与whether 1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.whether / ifwhetherwhether 5. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 6. _ they can do it matters little to us. 7. _ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go with
10、out you.whetherWhetherIf 请你归纳请你归纳a. a. 主语从句并在句首主语从句并在句首b. b. 表语从句表语从句c. c. 同位语从句同位语从句e. e. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f. f. 直接加动词不定式只能用直接加动词不定式只能用whether （to do）g g whether or not 直接连用时不用直接连用时不用if只能使用只能使用whether 的情况：的情况：请你归纳请你归纳If 表表-是否是否-常用于常用于动词动词后的宾语从后的宾语从句句1. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijin
11、g is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C.Whether D. That 2. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where高考题选萃高考题选萃that 表肯定意义表肯定意义whether表疑问表疑问There is no doubt_ he will win the first place .that that 与与 what 的区别的区别What he said makes me happy.That a new teacher
12、will come is true .that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任 何成分何成分, 且在宾语从句中有时可省（动词后）。且在宾语从句中有时可省（动词后）。 what 既既起起连接作用连接作用, 又在从句中作又在从句中作 主语主语, 宾语宾语, 表表 语语 (且在名词性从句中只有且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）可作表语）31. _ he said so made us angry . _ he said at the meeting made us angry.2. A computer can only do_ you have i
13、nstructed it to do. （01全国）全国） 3. 中国不再是过去的样子了。中国不再是过去的样子了。4. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. （04天津）天津） A. what B. which C. that D. whereThatWhatChina is no longer _ it used to be .whatwhat1. That he will succeed is certain .2. Whether he will go there is not known .3
14、. What he said is not true .4. Where he hid the money is to be found out .5. Whoever comes is welcome. 请思考？请思考？注意点注意点1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前即主语在前,谓语在后谓语在后. 例例: 误误: When will he come is not known.2).连接词连接词that在从句中无实际意义在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略但不能省略. 例例: 误误: He will not come to the meeting this evenin
15、g is true.正正: When he will come is not known.正正: That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.除了动词后除了动词后的宾从的宾从3).whoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主等词可以引导主语从句语从句, 但但no matter who, no matter what 等不能等不能.Whoever breaks the school rules must be punished.试比较：试比较：Whoever breaks the schools r
16、ules, he must be punished. No matter who breaks the school rules, he must be punished.让步状语从句让步状语从句主语从句 1._ was said here must be kept secret. 2._ we need is more time. 3._ has taken away my bag is unknown. 4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverAnyone who1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。他犯了那样一个错误
17、真是遗憾。_ is a pity .2.他来不来不重要。他来不来不重要。_doesnt matter.It doesnt matter whetherThat he made such a mistakeIt is a pity that考点考点 ：it作形式主语作形式主语(主从主从) , 形式宾语（宾从）形式宾语（宾从） it 作形式主语作形式主语Whether he will come or not It is reported/ thought/said/predicted that It is clear/necessary/certain that It is a pity/a sh
18、ame/an honor that It doesnt matter whether It seems/appears that It happens that Can you understand them?1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is say
19、ing.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat1)（2008浙江浙江) _ want to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A). anyone B). the one C). whoever D). who2) _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. ( 93) A).what B). that
20、C). the fact D). the matter3)（2006浙江）浙江） _is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger,more prosperous economy. A). As B). That C). this D). It 挑战高考挑战高考1. I wondered _ you were so angry.2. It all depends on _ they will support us .3. I cant imagine _made him act like that.4
21、 . Im delighted _I have passed the exam.5. I find it necessary _ we should do the homework.用适当的连接词填空用适当的连接词填空why whether what that that请思考？请思考？二二. .宾语从句宾语从句1. 1.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词: : 宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.2.2.注意点注意点1) 宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2) 引导宾语从句的连词引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义也无实际意
22、义,多数多数 情况下可以省略情况下可以省略.3) whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句 但但: (1) 当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or not时时, 不用不用if 例例: I dont know _I will stay or not. (2) 介词后面的宾语从句不能用介词后面的宾语从句不能用if 例例: I worry about _ I hurt her feeling.whetherwhether4) that在宾语从句中的省略与保留在宾语从句中的省略与保留 (1).在主在主+谓谓+it(形式宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补+that从句从句 (真正宾语真正宾语) 的句
23、型中不省略的句型中不省略. 例例: We must make it clear that we mean what we say. (2).由连词由连词and连接的两个由连接的两个由that引导的宾语引导的宾语 从句中从句中, that 不省略不省略. 例例: He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.(2)it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常用常用 like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it + if 或或when从句从句 5）it 作形式宾语作形式宾
24、语(1) make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that / to doI hate it when people laugh at the disabled .1. Ive got to make clear that he told a lie.2. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004 ) A. this B. that C. it D. one3. 他发现很难使别人理解他他发现很难使别人理解他. He found _.itit
25、difficult to make himself understoodit1)（2005山东，山东，26)The shopkeeper didnt want to sell for _ he thought was not enough.A). where B). How C). what D). which2) (2006全国全国I，16) -what did your parents think about your decision?-They always let me do _I think I should.A). when B). that C). how D). what 挑
26、战高考挑战高考Translation问题是我们是否可以信任他。问题是我们是否可以信任他。我建议买台大电脑。我建议买台大电脑。她看起来要哭了。她看起来要哭了。The question isMy suggestion is He looked whether we can rely on him.as if he was going to cry.that we( should)buy a big computer.请思考？请思考？2.2.注意点注意点1) 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2) 表语从句的引导词表语从句的引导词that无实际意义无实际意义,但不能省略但不能省略
27、.3) 表语从句只能用表语从句只能用whether,而不能用而不能用if 引导引导.4) 不要使用不要使用 The reason is because that 句型句型, 应使用应使用 The reason is that 或或 This / it /that/ is because等句型等句型.例如例如: 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多. 误误: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.正正: T
28、he reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 或或:He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.1. (2009江西，江西，33）The fact has worried many scientists_ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A). what B). which C
29、). though D). that 2. (2009辽宁，辽宁，29）Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? A). that B). what C).as D). which真题荟萃真题荟萃同位语从句同位语从句1）The fact that he was killed made us surprised.2）I have no idea when he will be back.3）We heard the news that our team had won. 4）Can you find the ans
30、wer to the question what was wrong with the computer?5）He made a suggestion that we (should) read some original English literature works.1. 1.同位语从句的引导词同位语从句的引导词: : that ,whether, how , when, where, why等引导。等引导。that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有: idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestio
31、n; proof, message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word 等等.2.2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别: : 如果如果that作从句中的某一成分作从句中的某一成分, 则是则是定语从句定语从句, 如果如果that不不作从句中的任何成分作从句中的任何成分, 则是则是同位语从句同位语从句. 例例: (1) I had no idea that it was so late. (主系表主系表 结构结构, that 不作从句中的成分不作从句中的成分, 同位语从句同位语从句) (2) I still remem
32、ber the place that we visited last year. (主谓宾结构主谓宾结构, that作从句中的宾作从句中的宾 语语,定语从句定语从句)同位语从句的简易判断方法：同位语从句的简易判断方法： 我们可以在名词和从句之间加我们可以在名词和从句之间加be,使之构成一个使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。句连接起来的。 eg: The belief that the earth is flat is still hel
33、d in some countries. The belief is that the earth is flat.1.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.判断：定语从句(AT) , 同位语从句(AP)2.The news that is spreading around the airport is coming.3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth con
34、sidering.4.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.5. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.APATAPATAP1. The photographs will show you _（MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
35、从句一定用陈述语序从句一定用陈述语序1.(09四川四川8 ). News came from the school office _ Xiao Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where2.(09天津天津9 ). It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that3.(06上海上海)One advantage o
36、f playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. A. how B. why C. that D. when 高考链接高考链接同位语从句同位语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句4.(上海上海01年春季）年春季）What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon A. when B. how C whether D. why 5.(2006江苏江苏) We havent settled
37、the question of_ it is necessary for him to study abroad A if B where C whether D that 6.(96 NMET ) _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句7.(2000NMET) _she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her le
38、ssons. A. that; what B. what; why C. what; because D. why; that8.(09湖南湖南) She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A.whichever B.however C whatever D.whoever9.(09海南海南) Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatev
39、er主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句10.(96 NMET) _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. what; what B. what; that C. that; that D. that; what11.(07 全全国卷国卷II) _ matters most in learning English is enough practice. A. what B. why C. where D. which12.(08天津卷）天津卷） The last time we had great fun was _we were
40、visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句名词性从句在句中要用名词性从句在句中要用_语序语序, ,从句从句的引导词必须始终置于的引导词必须始终置于_ 1.No one can be sure _ in a million years.A.what will man look likeB. what man will look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like陈述陈述总结归总结归纳纳：2.You c
41、ant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited 句首句首2. Our physics teacher once told us that light _ （ travel ） faster than sound.travels总结总结归纳：归纳：3) )主句的动词用主句的动词用一般现在时一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选用从
42、句谓语可根据需要选用各种各种时态时态1. He said that he will go to the station.3. Tom says that Mary _ (go) abroad last year and _ (be) there for nearly 5 months. 1 1）主句的动词用）主句的动词用过去过去时，时，从句谓语动词用从句谓语动词用过去过去的某种时态的某种时态2 2）主句的动词用主句的动词用过去过去时，时，从句表示从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语客观事实，格言，谚语等等 ，从句谓从句谓语动词语动词用用一般现在时一般现在时wenthas beenwould何时开会还没
43、有决定。何时开会还没有决定。 When the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet .他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般一般用用_形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用从句作主语，谓语动词则用_形式。由形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用动词用_形式。形式。 总结归总结归纳：纳：单数单数复数复数hasWhen they wil
44、l start and where they will go_(have)still unknown.何时何地开会还没有决定。何时何地开会还没有决定。When and where the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet .havehas单数单数基本句型基本句型：It is +形容词、名词、过去分词形容词、名词、过去分词+ that . + (should) do a. It is important (necessary, natural, strange, advisable etc)+that b. It is a pity
45、( a shame, no wonder etc)+that c. It is suggested (ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted etc)+that1. It is ordered that he _ the examination? A. takesB. has to take C. must take D. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told总结总结归
46、纳：归纳：We suggested that the meeting _A.should put off B.be put off C. was put off D.putting off总结总结归纳：归纳：表示表示建议、要求、命令建议、要求、命令, ,坚持坚持等等动词动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order后的从句谓语动词用后的从句谓语动词用 _注意注意suggest 当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“讲时，讲时，insist 表示表示“坚持认为坚持认为”之意时，之意时，从句按需要来选择时态从句
47、按需要来选择时态(should) + do/be doneThe smile on his face suggested that he _(was/be/is)satisfied with our work.wasa. I wish I _(know) the answer now. b. I wish he _(pass) the exam yesterday.c. I wish I _ (fly) to the moon in a few years. 对现在虚拟时对现在虚拟时，that从句中谓语用过去时从句中谓语用过去时对过去虚拟时对过去虚拟时，用用had过去分词过去分词对将来虚拟时对
48、将来虚拟时，用用would (might等等)动词原形动词原形knewhad passedwould fly总结总结归纳：归纳： 在在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即拟语气，即_1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2. The order given by the commander wa
49、s that they _ until the commander allowed they to. A. stopped B. didnt stop C. stop D. not stop总结总结归纳：归纳：(should) + do/be done1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3. (09天津）天津）It is obvious to th
50、e students whether they should get well prepared for their future. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.itItthatwhether找出下列句子中的错误找出下列句子中的错误总结归总结归纳：纳：当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句句_，而用，而用it作为形式主语置于句首。作为形式主语置于句首。it 也可作形式宾语也可作形式宾语。 后置后置1. _ is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Ga