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1、第37卷第6期2016年6月太 阳 台旨学报ACTA ENERGIAE SOLARIS SINICAV0137No6Jun,2016文章编号:02540096(2016)06143108基于储能剩余电量预估的微电网切负荷策略王海燕,同向前,张永辉(西安理工大学自动化与信息工程学院,西安710048)摘要:当长期运行于并网状态的微电网转为孤岛运行时,若微电源和储能元件容量不足以保证微电网内所有负荷的正常供电,为最大限度地保证重要负荷供电不中断,需要切除微电网部分负荷。本文提出一种基于储能剩余电量预估的微电网切负荷策略,根据微电网孤岛运行期间微电源发电功率和负荷用电功率的预测值,对储能装置储电量进
2、行预测估计和比较分析,按照微电网实时功率平衡原则和负荷分级体系,优化确定不同级别负荷的投切时刻,以保证微电网内重要负荷的持续供电和其余各级负荷停电时间最短。建立基于该切负荷策略的算例微电网仿真系统,仿真结果表明此策略的正确性和有效性。关键词:微电网;储能;剩余电量;切负荷中图分类号:TM732 文献标识码:AO 引 言作为分布式电源大规模接入电网的主要形式,微电网将分布式发电装置、负荷、储能以及控制装置有机结合接人中低压配电系统中,随着微电网技术的发展与完善,它将成为可再生能源综合利用的有效方式。微电网运行方式灵活,既可与电网联网运行,也可在电网故障或需要时与主网断开单独运行。并网运行时,微电
3、网内的负荷供电由微电网中的分布式电源(distributed generator,DG)和主网共同保证,主网不仅能够有效补充微电源发电量的不足,也能有效吸纳微电源发出的多余电量5。1。在主网计划停电期间,转为孤岛运行的微电网应尽量保证微电网负荷的供电可靠性。但是,由于微电源发电量和储能电量的有限性和波动性,可能需要在适当时刻切除部分负荷,以便保证重要负荷的连续供电。对于微电网孤岛运行的研究,国内外学者主要针对独立运行的非并网型微电网进行,多集中在功率供需平衡前提下的优化调度8。“和微电源运行控制12。41方面。文献15,16提出了微电网日前经济调度与微电源实时控制相结合的能量管理策略,文收稿日
4、期:基金项目:通信作者:献17,18则研究了微电网的低频减载策略,以上方法对于并网型微电网的孤岛运行方式并不完全适用。在主网计划停电期间,以微电网内重要负荷持续供电为目标的微电网切负荷运行策略,国内外鲜有相关文献报道。对于计划孤岛运行期间的微电网,本文从微电网实时发电量与用电量供需平衡的全局考虑,提出基于储能剩余电量预估的微电网切负荷策略,在主网计划停电期间,根据微电网内各DG和负荷功率的超短期预测,结合储能元件充放电功率和剩余电量的评估结果,对微电网内不同等级负荷制定合理的投切策略,保证重要负荷在微电网孤岛运行期间的持续可靠供电。1基于储能剩余电量预估的微电网切负荷策略微电网的拓扑结构形式多
5、样,以图l所示微电网为例进行说明。微电网内包含有一个光伏发电单元(PV)、一个蓄电池储能单元(battery,Bat)和若干负荷,由主隔离开关将微电网与主网连接,主网正常时微电网并网运行,而当主网故障或计划检修停电时,微电网与其断开,转为孤岛运行。20151106国家自然科学基金(51507139);陕西省重点学科建设专项基金(5X1301);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20126118110009);陕西省教育厅科学研究计划(2010JK756)王海燕(1980一),女,博士研究生、讲师,主要从事分布式发电运行控制及微电网能量管理方面的研究。wanghaiyanxautedu-cn万方数
6、据太 阳 能 学 报 37卷厂、P(卜图l刀i洌微电网的拓扑结构Fig1 The example of a microgrid topology设微电网孤岛运行起始时刻为t。,恢复并网运行的时刻为t刊,计划或预计停电时间为r,则有:F=t。dto微电网孤岛运行期间,根据预测的DG输出功率P毗0)和负荷需求功率P。0)可得储能装置的放(充)电预测功率为:P。O)=P。O)一P皿O) (1)则对微电网孤岛运行期间的任一时刻t,储能装置的当前电量为:W酷O)=WEsoo)+J。,PEsd丁,r e(t。,t。d) (2)式中,阢O。)储能装置在t。时的电量。在微电网孤岛运行期间,要保证负荷的可靠供电
7、,则必须同时满足下列约束条件:1P髓lP剐。 (3)0P吲i。,且PEs2(t)0因此无需切除负荷B,由于P嘲O)=P,。一P0,且P晒。(力=P,。(力一Pu。O)0因此,微电网继续以A、B负荷组合运行,但蓄电池转为充电状态。3)孤岛运行持续至1 1:30若投入负荷C,从此时刻开始至停电结束时刻,储能放电功率和剩余储电量分别表现为:lP脚G)=P,。一Pu。l0因此,可以投入C类负荷。C类负荷投入后,P曙:O)=P,。(t)-P。O)P刚。,储能装置无法正常放电,光伏系统输出功率无法满足微电网所有负荷需求,因此,在以后的孤岛运行期间,负荷功率急剧下降,微电网电压和频率波形也出现了畸变。300
8、200100砉0100200300O)5 )0 机)50;5n时刻c微电网频率图7孤岛运行期间不切负荷时微电网负荷功率、电压和频率Fig7 Load power,voltage and frequency of micro西dregardless of load shedding during island operation对比图6和图7可看出,对孤岛运行期间的微电网,当微电源发电量和储能电量有限时,应用基于储能剩余电量预估的微电网切负荷策略,可最大限度地保证微电网负荷功率需求,显著提高微电网孤岛运行时的供电可靠性。6结论1)储能剩余电量和放(充)电功率分别反映了微电网电量和功率的实时供需平
9、衡情况,可作为微电网切负荷的依据。基于储能剩余电量预估的负荷投切策略最大限度地提高了微电网负荷的供电可持续性。2)储能剩余电量预估以微电源和负荷的功率M姗捌雌0线母万方数据6期 王海燕等:基于储能剩余电量预估的微电网切负荷策略 1437短期预测为基础,预测精度对负荷投切时刻的切合度有影响。3)微电网孤岛运行期间,储能装置的额定容量和充放电功率限制均会影响投切结果,充足的储能装置容量有利于保证负荷供电的连续性。2334455677参考文献杨新法,苏剑,吕志鹏,等微电网技术综述J中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):5770Yang Xinfa,Su Jian,L)ru Zhipeng,et a
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23、oop control method in distributed energy storagesystems for autonomous operation of AC microgrid lJ jAutomation of Electric Power Systems,201 l,37(1):18m一185LOAD SHEDDING STRATEGY OF MICRoGRID BASED ON SURPLUSENERGY EVALUATIoN OF ENERGY SToRAGE DEVICEWang Haiyan,Tong Xiangqian,Zhang Yonghui(School o
24、fAutomationandInformationEngineeringXian UniversityofTechnology,Xian 710048,China)Abstract:When gridconnected microgrid operates in isolated mode for long time,and the capacity of micro electricsource and energy storage device cannot ensure the power supply for all loads in microgrid,it is necessary
25、 to remove partloads in micro酣d in order to guarantee the power supply of the more important loadsThe load shedding strategy ofmicrogrid based on the surplus energy evaluation of energy storage device was presented to predict and compare thesurplus energy of energy storage device according to the pr
26、edicted power value of micro sources and loads during theisland operation of microgridAccording to realtime power balance principle and load classification system of microgrid,this strategy optimized and confirmed the switching time of loads at different level to ensure the continuous power supplyof
27、 the more important loads of microgrid and the shortest poweroff time of the rest loads at other levelsA microgridsimulation system based on the load shedding strategy was establishedThe simulation results show the correctness andpracticability of the strategyKeywords:microgrid;energy storage;surplus energy;load shedding万方数据