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1、北京导游词：六大景点英文导游词之故宫博物院 北京导游词 hello,everyone, wearenowgoingtopayavisittoaplaceofspecialinterest.thisscenicspotislocatedatthecenterofbeijingandischaracterizedbythousandsofpalatialarchitecturesandpurplewallsaswellasyellowglazedtileroofs-itissimplyaseaofpalaces.thisistheworldfamouswonderthepalacemuseum.
2、thepalacemuseumhasservedastheroyalresidenceduringthemingandqingdynasties.itwasherethatatotalof24monarchsascendedthethroneandwieldedpowerforsome500years.thepalacemuseum,asthemostbeautifulspotofinterestthroughoutbeijing,isuniqueforitslocation:tothenorthwestisbeihai(northsea)park,famousforitswhitepagod
3、aandripplinglake;tothewestisthezhongnahai(centralandsouthsea);totheeastliesthethewangfujingshoppingstreet;andtothenorthidjinshanpark.standinginthewanchun(everlastingspring)pavilionatthetopofjingshan(charcoalhill)park,youoverlooktheskylineofthepalacemuseum.atthesouthernendofthepalaceistiananmen(gateo
4、fheavenlypeace)andthefamoussquarenamedafterit.thisisthesymbolofthepeoplesrepublicofchina. aworld-famoushistoricalsite,thepalacemuseumisontheworldheritagelistofunescoandisanembodimentoforientalcivilization. thepalacemuseumisrectangularinshape,960meterslongfromnorthtosouthand750meterswidefromeasttowes
5、t,coveringaspaceof730,000squaremetersofwhich150,000isbuildingarea.ithas9000-strongroomsinit.accordingtolegendthereare101101.5room-unitsinall.thewholecompoundisenclosedbya10-meter-hignwallandisaccessedthroughfourentrances,namely,themeridiangateinthesouth,thegateofmilitaryprowessinthenorth,donghua(eas
6、ternflowery)gateinthenorth,donghua(easternflowery)gateintheeastandxihua(westernflowery)gateinthewest.oneachcornerthereisaturretconsistedof9roofbeams,18pillarsand73ridge.encirclingthecompoundthereisa3,800-meter-longand52meter-widemoat,makingthepalacemuseumaself-defensivecity-within-acity. thepalacemu
7、seumwasmadeacenterofruleduringthemingdynastybyzhundi,thefourthsonofthefoundingemperorzhuyuanzhang.thewholecomplexstraddlesonan8-kilometers-longcentralaxisthatstretchesfromyongding(foreverstable)gateinthesouthtogulou(drumtower)inthenorth.prominencewasgiventotheroyalpowerbyputtingthe“threemainfronthal
8、ls”and“threebackhalls”ontheaxiswhilearrangeothersubsidiarystructurearoundthem.theconstructionofthepalacemuseuminvolvedmanpowerandresourcesacrosschina.forexample,thebrickslaidinthehalls,knownas“goldbrick,”underwentcomplex,twodozenprocesses.asthefinaltouch,thefiredbricksweredippedinchinesewoodoil.invo
9、lvingcomplicatedprocessesandhighcost,thesebrickarecalled“goldenbricks.”thepalacemuseumservesasalivingembodimentofgoodtraditionandstylesuniquetochinasancientarchitecture.itreflectstothefulltheingenuityandcreativityofthechineseworkingpeople.acarefullypreservedandcompletegroupofroyalresidences,thepalac
10、emuseumisaprominenthistoricalandtouristsite. whatwearenowapproachingisthemainentrancetothepalacemuseum-themeridiangate,whichischaracterizedbyredwalls,yellowglazedtileroofsandupturnedeaves.ontopofthiswalls,yellowglazed-tileroofsandupturnedeaves.ontopofthismagnificentbuilding,therestandfiveloftyhallsw
11、ithamainhallinthecenter.themainhallisroofedbymultipleeavesandcoversaspaceof9room-units.itisflankedbytwowingsoneachside.thewingsaresquareinshape,completewithmultipleandfouredgedeavesandpinnacles.allofthesestructuresareconnectedbyacolonnade.becausethesehallsresembleasoaringbird,itwasalsoknowaswufenglo
12、u(five-phoenixtower).insidethemainhallthereisathrone.drumsandbellswerestoredinthewings.whenevertheemperorpresidedovergrandceremoniesorobservedritesinthehallofupremeharmony,drums,bellsandgongswouldbestrucktomarktheoccasion. asthelegendgoes,themeridiangateusedtobeaplacewherecondemnedrankingofficialswo
13、uldbeexecuted.thisnottrue.however,floggingwascarriedoutherebythemingemperors,ifacourtierfallsafouloftheemperor,hewouldbestrippedofhiscourtdressandfloggingwithastick.atonepointthepunishmentbecamesoharshthatatotalof11peoplediedfromfatalwoundonasingleoccasion.ontheotherhand,thisbuildingwasalsousedtoobs
14、erveimportantoccasionslikethetraditionalchineselanternfestival(15thdayofthefirstlunarmonth).ontheseoccasions,chineselanternswouldbehangedandsumptuousbanquetswouldbegiveninhonourofthewholecourtofministersandotherrankingofficials. uponenteringthemeridiangatewebeganourtourofthepalacemuseum.theriverfoow
15、inginfrontofusisknownasjinshuihe(goldenwaterriver)andthefivemarblesbridgesspanningitareknownastheinnergoldenwaterbridges.theoninthemiddlewasusedexclusivebytheemperoranditsbanisterswerecarvedwithdragonandphoenixdesigns.thebridgesflankingtheimperialonewerereservedforprincesandotherroyalmembers.therest
16、wereusedbypalatines.asidefromdecoration,thegoldenwaterriverwasalsodugasprecautionagainstfire.mostofthestructureswithinthepalacemuseumaremadeofwood.whatismore,accordingtoancientchinesecosmology,thesouthistheabodeoffire,sothisbrookwasdugonthesoutherntipofthepalace.inthisway,thepalacemuseumreflectstrad
17、itionalchineseculture. thisbuildingiscalledthegateofsupremeharmony.intheforegroundstandtwobronzelions.cananybodytellwhichismaleandwhichisfemale?theoneontheeastplayingwithaballismale,symbolizingpoweranduniversalunity.theotheronthewestwithacubcuddlingunderneathitsclawisfemale?theoneontheeastplayingwit
18、haballismale,symbolizingpoweranduniversalunity.theotheronthewestwithacubcuddlingunderneathitsclawisfemale,representingprosperitytheendlesssuccession.alayoutofthepalacemuseumispostedbytheentrance.fromit,youcanseethatthepalacemuseumhastwomainparts:theforecourtandtheinnercourt.thethreemainhallsconstitu
19、tethemainstayoftheforecourt,anditwasherethattheemperorannounceddecisionsandobservedrites.behindtheforecourtthereistheinnercourt,consistingofmajorhallsandtheimperialgarden.itwaswheretheemperorattendedstateaffairs,livedandenjoyedhisluxuriouslife.theexhibitionsystemofthepalacemuseuminvolveshistoricalco
20、urtrelicsandarticlesofancientartandculture.thepalacemuseumhousesnearlyonemillionarticlesofraretreasure,oronesixthofthetotalnumberinallofchinasmuseums.therearethethreemainhallsofthepalacemuseum,builtonatriplemarbleterrace.sincemostofchinasarchitectureismadeofwood,thebuildingscannotbetootall.togainthe
21、heightofthearchitecture,ingeniousancientartisansbuiltthehallonagiganticstoneterrace.itisalsotothisendthatnotasingleplantwasgrowninthesquare.onstairwaysoftriplemarbleterracethereare18bronzetripods.theverandahisflankedbybronzetortoisesandcranes,whichservedassymbolsoflongevity.ontheeastisasundial,ananc
22、ienttimepiece.onthewestthereisagrainmeasuresuggestingthattheemperorwasjustandequitable. inthefrontandoneachflank,thereisapairofgiltbronzevats(caldrons)moldedduringthereignofemperorqianlongoftheqingdynasty.eachoftheseweights2tonsandisfilledwithwaterasaprecautionintheeventofafire.thestructureinthevery
23、middleisthehallofsupremeharmony,alsoknownasthethronehall.itis64metersinwidthandis38metersfromentrancetorear.withterraceexclusive,thehallis26.92metersinheightandis35.03metersinall.coveringandareaof2,377squaremeters,thehallofsupremeharmonyischinaslargestexitingwoodenstructure.thehallissupportedby6thic
24、k,roundpillarscarvedinadesignofcoilingdragons.astheholiestplaceinthehall,theceilingandcoloredpatternsweremadeofthefinestmaterialavailableatthattime.thethronewasplacedonaterraceandisflankedbystatuesofelephants,luduan(aunicornwhichcouldtravel18,000kilometersadayandunderstandalllanguages),cranesandince
25、nsebarrels.overthethronethereisthecaisson,orcoveredceiling,whichconsistsofacoilingdragonplayingwithaballinitsmouth.thisballisknownasxuanyuanmirror,andwassupposedlymadebyachineseemperorofremotetimestoserveasareminderthattheerulerstofollowwerehishereditaryheirs.thethroneismadeofnanmuandpaintedingold.m
26、agnificentlybuiltandluxuriouslydecorated,thishalldidnotserveasaplaceinwhichtheemperorattendedtodailyaffairs.heusedhishallformajoreventssuchashisbirthday,conferraloftitleofempressordispatchofgeneralstowar. behindthehallofsupremeharmony,theresitsthehallofcompleteharmony.thisstructureissquareinshape.ea
27、chsideis24.15meters.thiswastheplacewheretheemperorrelaxedandgreetedhiscourtiersbeforeproceedingtothehallofsupremeharmonytoobserverites.thiswasalsotheplacewheretheemperorpreparedprayersorexaminedseedsandsowersbeforeheattendedancestralsacrificesorparticipatedinsnowingceremonies.agrandceremonywasalsohe
28、ldhereonceevery10yearsfortheemperortogenealogizetheroyalblood.therearetwosedanchairsondisplayinthehall.behindthehallofcompleteharmony,youwillseethehallofpreservingharmony,whichwasusedasaplacewhereimperialexaminationswereheld.theimperialexaminationwasthehignestlevelofcompetingformeritoriousappointmen
29、tunderthefeudalsystemdatingbacktothesuidynasty.chinaslastimperialexaminationwasheldin1904duringthereignofemperorguangxuoftheqingdynasty.totherearofhallthereisamarblerampcarvedwithcloudanddragondesigns,thelargestofitskindinthewholecountry.itis16.57metersinlength,3.07metersinwidth,1.7metersthickandwei
30、ghs250tons.itwasquarriedinfangshancountyinsuburbanbeijing.tobringthisgiantpieceofstonetobeijingpeoplepouredwaterontotheroadandappliedrollingblocksduringtheprocess. wearenowstandingbeforethesquareofthehallofheavenpurity.itservedasadivideseparatingtheforecourtfromtheinnercourt.thisbuildingisknownasthe
31、gateofheavenlypurity.emperorqianlongheldcourthere.proceedingfurthernorth,youcanfindthreemainrearhalls,i.e.thehallofheavenlypurity.thehallofunionandpeaceandpalaceofearthlytranquility.thehallofheavenlypurityifflankedoneithersidebytwogatesnamedafterthesunandmoon.insidetheenclosurethereare12palacesandha
32、llssymbolizingconstellations.alloftheotherbuildingsarecenteredaroundthepalaceofheavenlypurity,whichwasmeanttosuggestthatthemonarchspowerwasendowedbyheaven.theempressandconcubineslivedintheinnercourt. thehallofheavenlypuritywaswheretheemperorlivedandattendedtodailyaffairs.latertheemperormovedtolivein
33、thepalaceofmentalcultivation.lookingupyoucanseeaplaquebearingthechineseinscription“beopenandabove-board,”amanifestotocourtstruggle.behindtheplaqueastrongboxwasstoredcontainingawillbearingthenameofthewouldberoyalsuccessor.thisapproachofsecretlyselectingthenextemperorwasadoptedbyemperoryongzhengoftheq
34、ingdynasty.twocopiesofthewillwereprepared.onewasstashedbytheemperorinperson,theotherwasplacedinsidethestrongboxbehindtheplaque.afterthedeathoftheemperor,thetwocopieswouldbecomparedandsuccessorwouldbeannounced.itwasinthiswaythatemperorqianglongandothershaveascendedthethrone. behindthehallofheavenlypu
35、rityyouwillseethehallofunionandpeace,whichisindenticaltothehallofcompleteharmony.itwastherethattheemperorreceivedcongratulationsandtributesfromimperialofficialsonmajorcalenderoccasions,atotalof25imperialsealsarestoredthere.inthehall,youwillseeaplaquewiththehandwritteninscriptionof“wewei,”exhortingta
36、oistdoctrines. furthernorthwardisthepalaceofearthlytranquillity,whichonceservedasthelivingroomoftheempresses.thehallwaslaterconvertedintoasacrificialplace.throughthewindowpanesontheeasternwallyoucanseetheroyalbeddecoratedwithdragonandphoenixdesigns.thishallhasalsoservedasthebridalchamberofmonarchs.
37、thegateofearthlytranquilliityleadstotheimperialgarden(knowntowesternersasqianlongsgarden),whichwasusedbytheemperor,theempress,andtheconcubines.amagnificentstructurestandsinthemiddle.itiscalledtheqinsan(imperialpeace)hall.itistheonlybuildinginthepalacemuseumthatwasbuiltintaoiststyle.itservedasashrine
38、tothetaoistdeity.thegardencoversaspaceof12,000squaremeters,andis130metersfromeasttothewestandsome90metersfromnorthtothesouth.thereareadozenhalls,verandahs,pavilionsandwatersidehousesinthegarden.oneachofthefurcornerthereisapaviliondedicatedtothefourseasonswhichisdifferentinconstructionstyleandshape.t
39、hegardenalsofeaturesanimperiallandscape.withraretreesandexoticrockery,theimperialgardenservedasamodelforchinasimperialparks.inall,atotalof10-strongbuildingstyleswereapplied. thetallbuildingwearenowpassingisthegateofmilitaryprowess,thebackdoorofthepalacemuseum.ourvisitisnowdrawingtoaconclusionbutthea
40、rchitecturesofthepalacearenot.ontheothersideoftheroadisthe43-meter-higncharcoalhill,providingnaturalprotectionfortheforbiddencity.thiswasalsoanembodimentofchinasconstructionstyle-puttingapoolinthefrontandahillintherear.nowletsclimbuptowanchun(everlastingsprings)pavillionwherewellhaveagreatviewofthepalacemuseum. 第15页 共15页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页