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1、高级英语（第三版）第一册第十二课 Ships in the DesertTeaching Aims To understand the writers viewpoints To learn the words and phrases about environment To be able to talk about environmental issue1) The authorAlGorewasbornin1948inWashingtonD.C.,U.S.HehasbeenaSenator(1984-1992)representingtheStateofTennessee,andU.S.
2、Vice-President(1992-2000)underPresidentBillClinton.HeranforthePresidencyagainstGeorgeW.Bushjr.butthelatterwonthecloselytiedelectionandhasbecomethe43rdAmericanPresident.ThetextistakenfromAlGoresbookEarth in the BalanceAl Gores viewpoints AlGoresprofoundanalysisofwherehumanityhasgonewrongrangesacrossh
3、istory,politics,science,economics,psychology,philosophy,andreligion Goredemonstratesthatthequalityofourairandwaterisurgentlyatrisk.Heclearlyillustrateshowproblemsthatoncewereregionalhavenowbecomeglobal.Gorearguesforaworldwidemobilizationtosaveusfromdisaster. Structure AnalysisPara.1:Effectsofenviron
4、mentalcrises(TheAral)Paras.2-20:Causesofenvironmentalcrises A.Thedestructionaroundtheworld -Antarctic,theArctic,theequator,aroundus B.Classificationoftheimagesofdestruction -Local-Regional-Strategic/globalcontext C.Thedominantcauseofthechange -HumancivilizationParas.21-26:Solution A.Recognizingthest
5、arlingimagesofdestruction B.Understandingthetwoaspects C.Changingtheviewoftherelationship-Educatepeople2. Detailed study of the text QuestionsWhatsthemeaningofthetitle?Whatdoestheauthortrytotellusthroughhisarticle?WhydidthewritergototheAralSea?Whatdidheseethere?Para.1 typical example of environmenta
6、l destructionTheAralsea TheAralSea:*locatedinUzbekistanandKazakhstan*historicallyasalinelake*In1960theworldsfourthlargestlake,thesizeoftheentiretyofSouthernCalifornia*inthecenterofalarge,flatdesertbasinaprimeexampleofadynamicenvironmentAmericasGreatLakes*thegroupoffivefreshwaterlakes,centralNorthAme
7、rica,betweentheUnitedStatesandCanada, largestbodyoffreshwaterintheworld Fromwesttoeast,theyareLakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,andLakeOntario HOMESHstandsforHuron,OforOntario,MforMichigan,EforErieandSforSuperior.Para. 2 Thesis statementMysearchfortheunderlyingcausesoftheenvironmentalcris
8、ishasletmetotravelaroundtheworldtocheckandstudycasesinordertofindoutthebasiccausesbehindtheenvironmentalcrisisTrans-AntarcticMountains Antarcticaisicycold. Trans-AntarcticMountainsdivideditintotheEastAntarcticandWestAntarcticsubcontinents.thesunglaringatmidnightthroughaholeintheskythesunshiningatmid
9、nightthroughtheozonedepletiona hole: ozone depletion 臭氧层空洞CleanAirAct: AmericanCongresspassedtheCleanAirActin1970,whichisoneoftheoldestenvironmentallawsoftheU.S.aswellasthemostfar-reaching,thecostliest,andthemostcontroversial.Para. 3 the global warming seen in the AntarcticTheArcticCircle animaginar
10、ylinedrawnroundtheworldatacertaindistancefromthemostnorthernpoint(theNorthPole),northofwhichthereisnodarknessforsixmonthsofeachyearandalmostnolightfortheothersixmonths.cf.theAntarcticCircle tundra:anyofthevast,nearlylevel,treelessplainsoftheArcticregionsTheimagesofdestructionattheequatorAmazonrainfo
11、restTheBrazilianAmazoncontainsaboutathirdoftheEarthsremainingtropicalforestandaveryhighportionofitsbiologicaldiversity.Onehectare(2.47acres)ofAmazonianmoistforestcontainsmoreplantspeciesthanallofEurope.Yetstillitisbeingdestroyedjustlikeotherrainforestsaroundtheworld. Para.7Imagesofdestructionseenalm
12、ostanywhere Whatdoesthewritercall“ghostsinthesky”?“noctilucentclouds” This“luminouscloud”occasionallyappearswhentheearthisfirsthiddenintheeveningdarkness;shiningunsteadilyaboveuswithapartiallytransparentwhiteness,thesecloudsdontseemnatural“noctilucentcloud”Para.8Humanattitudestowardstheimagesofdestr
13、uction Whatshouldwefeeltowardtheseghostsinthesky: Whatshouldourattitudebetowardthesenoctilucentcloudsinthesky?Para9.Humanspuzzlingresponse Eventhoughitissometimeshardtoseetheirmeaning,wehavebynowallwitnessedsurprisingexperiences: tounderstandthethreatofthesecloudsPara.10Theimportanceoforganizingourt
14、houghtsitmaybehelpfultoclassifythemandthusbegintoorganizeourthoughtsandfeelingssothatwemaybeabletorespondappropriately: toarrangethemintodifferentgroups sothatwewillbeabletotakethemostsuitableaction.Para.11Themilitarysystem:“local”skirmishes,“regional”battles,and“strategic”conflictstheater:sceneofop
15、eratione.g.ThiswasthePacifictheatreofWorldWarII.这里是第二次世界大战的太平洋战区。lecturetheatre阶梯教室Whatkindofconflictwillbeconsideredas“strategic”conflict? Onlystrugglethatcanthreatenanationssurvivalandmustbeunderstoodinaglobalcontextwillbeconsideredas“strategic”conflict.Para12.Thesamecasewiththeimagesofdestruction
16、illegalwastedumping:thedisposalofwasteinawaythatviolatesthelawProblemslikeacidrain,thecontaminationofundergroundaquifers,andlargeoilspillsarefundamentallyregional:basicallybelongtoregionalcategory.Acid rain（酸雨）: rainwithahighconcentrationofacidsproducedbysulfurdioxide(二氧化硫),nitrogenoxide(氧化氮),etc.em
17、ittedduringthecombustion（氧化）offossilfuels;ithasadestructiveeffectonplantandaquatic(水中的)life,buildings,etc.aquifer:an underground layer of porous (多孔的多孔的)rock, sand, etc, containing water, into which wells can be sunk.Para.13Anewclassofenvironmentalproblemsaffectingtheglobalecologicalsystem:chlorine氯
18、The600percentincreasecountriesproducingthechlorofluorocarbonsresponsibleTherehavebeen600percentincreaseintheamountofchlorineintheatmosphereduringthelastfortyyearsnotonlyinthosecountrieswhicharemainlyresponsiblefortheproductionofCFCchlorofluorocarbons:CFC氟里昂Para.14anotherstrategicthreatglobalwarming
19、Why?Because this increase in heat seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pattern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents and sea level, and these in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect
20、on the location and pattern of human societies, so it is considered a strategic threat.Para.15thetransformedrelationshipbetweenhumankindandtheearthinourowntimewehavereshapedalargepartoftheearthsfacewithconcreteinourcities: inthemoderntimewehavegivenanewshapeorformtoalargepartoftheearthssurfacebybuil
21、dingpavedroads,bridges,buildingsetc. concrete:metonymyPara.16ThedominantcauseofchangeintheglobalenvironmenthumancivilizationPara.17Dramaticchangesintwokeyfactors asuddenandstartlingsurgeinhumanpopulation asuddenaccelerationofthescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionPara18.Thesurgeinpopulationwhenviewe
22、dinahistoricalcontext: whenwelookatthematterfromahistoricalpointofviewJuliusCaesar:(102?B.C.-44B.C.),RomanstatesmanandgeneralChristopherColumbus:(1451-1506),discovererofAmerica,bornGenoa,ItalyThomasJefferson:1743-1826)thirdPresidentoftheU.S.(1801-9),authoroftheDeclarationofIndependence.Para.19Thepre
23、sentfasterincreasingpopulationinthecourseofonehumanlifemine:duringthelifespanofanindividualmylifetimeitisalreadymorethanhalfwaythere:theworldpopulationisalreadymorethanhalfofthatfigure.Para.20ThescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionAndthisongoingrevolutionhasalsosuddenlyacceleratedexponentially:Andth
24、iscontinuingrevolutionhasalsosuddenlydevelopedataspeedthatdoubledandtripledtheoriginalspeed.exponential:(指数的)oforrelatingtoanexponent(数学中的指数)Para.21ourchallengetorecognizethatstartlingimagesofdestruction Ourchallengeistorecognizethatthestartlingimagesofenvironmentaldestructionnowoccurringalloverthew
25、orldhavemuchmoreincommonthantheirabilitytoshockandawakenus:Ourtaskistoseeandtounderstandthatthosefrighteningexamplesofenvironmentaldestructionthatarehappeningallovertheworldaresomuchthesameinnaturethattheysurpriseusnolonger. aresofrequently/becomesocommonthattheydontshockandarouseusanymore.Para.22tw
26、oaspectstothischallenge:ourpowertoharmtheearthandourroleasco-architectofnature Whatarethetwoaspectstohelppeoplerecognizetheimagesofenvironmentaldestruction?Para.23oneprecedentforthiskindofchallengetoourthinking:militaryoneagain oneexampleinthepastwhichposedsimilardemandonusforachangeinourwayoflookin
27、gatthings. precedent:aformeractionorcasethatmaybeusedasanexampleorruleforpresentPara.24armsraceFordecades,eachnewadvance.Buteachsuchdeploymentledamoreadvanceddeploymentofitsown: Fordecades,thetwosuperpowershadbeencompetingintheresearch,productionanddeploymentofmoresophisticated,moreadvancedweapons,h
28、opingthatinthistheothersidewouldbedeterrednottolaunchafirststrikeinnuclearweapons.Buttheresultwasjusttheopposite.Eachadvanceinweaponryledtoanewroundofarmsrace,araceofamuchmoredestructivelevel.leapfrog: n.Uagameinwhichonepersonbendsdownandanotherjumpsoverthemfrombehind v.tojumporskipover;toadvancewel
29、lbymissingout(sth.)ontheway e.g.Heleapfroggedtworanksandwaspromoteddirectlytocolonel.Para.25theeventualsolutiontothearmsrace:newunderstandingsandamutualtransformationoftherelationshipitselfunilateral:adj.donebyorhavinganeffectononlyoneside,esp.oneofthepoliticalgroupsinanagreementPara.26Therealsoluti
30、on:reinventingandfinallyhealingtherelationshipbetweencivilizationandtheearthWhat is the real solution to the environmental destruction according to the author? Therealsolutionwillbefoundinreinventingandfinallyhealingtherelationshipbetweencivilizationandtheearth.Thiscanonlybeaccomplishedbyundertaking
31、acarefulreassessmentofallthefactorsthatledtotherelativelyrecentdramaticchangeintherelationship.Thetransformationofthewaywerelatetotheearthwillofcauseinvolvenewtechnologies,butthekeychangeswillinvolvenewwaysofthinkingabouttherelationshipitself.4.Languageappreciation Theauthordevelopedthisexpositionby
32、thecauseandeffectmethod. Hechosetypicalexamplestosupporthisideas. Tomakehiswritingclear,vividandforceful,heusedfiguresofspeechsuchasunderstatement,alliteration,metaphor,rhetoricalquestionandmetonymy.StylisticFeatures Hisformalstyle,serioustoneaswellasmilitarymetaphorsindicatedthatenvironmentalprotectionisakindofwar. Althoughthiswritingisaboutascientificresearchontheenvironment,thewriterusesveryfewtechnicaltermssothatordinarypeoplecanunderstanditeasily.