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1、2022大学体验英语综合教程课堂辅导Book,3Unit,1-passage,b-词汇充电交际实战1 atop prep. on, to, or at the top of 在„„顶上：Under the newspaper, atop a sheet of paper, lay an envelope.报纸的下面，一张纸的上面，有一只信封。2 audio adj. connected with or used in the broadcasting or receiving of sound radio signals 听觉的；声音的：The school&rsquo
2、;s audio-visual apparatus includes a new set of multi-media device, not to mention films, records, etc.这所中学的视听设备包括一套新的多媒体装置, 更不用说电影、录音等设备了。【联想】visual 视觉的；video 电视的；录像的 【短语】audio-band n. 声频带/ audio-circuit n. 声频电路/ audio-fidelity n. 声频逼真度/ audio-visual adj. 视觉听觉的; 视听( 教学法) 的 3 boundary n. the dividin
3、g line, esp. between two areas of land 分界线；边疆线：The river is the boundary between the two countries. 这条河是两国的界河。 Science advances the boundaries of knowledge. 科学扩展了学问的范围。【联想】bound 界限+-ary 名词后缀 【考题】Negotiations about fixing the _ between the two countries are still going on. A. frontier B. edge C. boun
4、dary D. border 【详解】答案 C。句意：两国间关于边界划分的谈判仍在进行之中。A、C、D 项均有边界之意。boundary 着重指自然形成的边界线，多指领土分界线；border 意为较宽的边缘，多指两国之间分界处旁边的边缘地区，即边疆；frontier 指属于本国一侧的边缘地。【短语】the boundaries of the country 国界；界限；范围/the boundaries of knowledge 学问范围 4 brilliant adj. very bright; sparking 特别光明的；光辉夺目的：a brilliant color 显明的颜色 ver
5、y intelligent; highly skilled or talented 极聪慧的；技艺精湛的；才华横溢的：The soloist gave a brilliant performance. 独奏演员进行了卓越的表演。【短语】a brilliant speaker 一位卓越的演说家/ a brilliant artist 一位有才华的艺术家 5 cabin n. a small room on a ship usu. used for sleeping 船舱：a four-berth cabin 四个铺位的船舱 a small roughly built (wooden) house
6、 小( 木) 屋：There is a simple cabin in the forest. 森林里有一个简陋的小木屋。6 climate n. the type of weather that a region has 气候：The present political climate is good for him.当前的政治气候对他有利。【联想】派生词 contemplation n. 呆视，冥想，期盼，准备；contemplative adj. 耽于冥思的，好深思默想的。近义词 consider, deliberate ,expect, intend, plan, ponder, re
7、flect, study, think 【考题】These trees cannot be grown in such a cold _ as ours. A. weather B. season C. climate D. space 【详解】答案 C。句意：这些树在我们这儿这么冷的天气下不能生长。climate 和 weather 不同，climate 指某地一般的气候，而 weather 指某地一时的天气。【短语】arctic climate 北极气候 arid climate 干燥气候 artificial climate 人工气候 authoritarian classroom cl
8、imate 严格管教的课堂气氛 coastal climate 海岸气候continental climate 大陆气候 7 communicate v. to make known 告知，传达：The Minister for Foreign Affairs has already communicated on this event with the American President.外交部长已经跟美国总统就此事务交换过看法了。to share or exchange opinions, news, information, etc 沟通，交际，通讯，沟通：Since then, th
9、ey lost their ability to communicate with an audience.自那以后他们再也无法引起观众的共鸣。【联想】communication n. 沟通，沟通；传达；community n. 共同体 8 decade n. a period of ten years 十年：for decades on end 数十年如一日 【联想】熟December( 原来是十月) →根dec(im) (=10) →生decade 十年；decimal 十进制的 9 directly adv. in a direct manner 干脆地：The ro
10、ad runs directly north. 道路径直通向北方。 at once, instantly 马上，立即：He’ll be coming directly.他一会就来 We came directly we got your telephone.我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。【联想】immediately/instantly/directly+ 从句=as soon as+ 从句 【考题】The policemen went into action _ they heard the alarm. A. promptly B. presently C. quickly D.
11、 directly【详解】答案 D。句意：警察们一听到警报就实行行动了。directly 马上，立刻，此处为连词，有一„„就之意，相当于 as soon as。其他三项均为副词，不能用做连词。【辨异】direct, directly direct adv. 用于详细意义不拐弯，不转向。如：You should go direct to him. 你应当干脆到他那儿去。 directly 多用于抽象意义上干脆地。如：The measure affects me directly. 此举措对我有干脆影响。10 focus n. point at which rays (of
12、 light, sound, etc) meteor from which they appear to come (光、声等大)中心点，源搭配 the focus of a lens. 透镜的焦点 centre of activity , interest, etc. 活动的中心；使人感爱好的所在：Because of his strange clothes, he immediately became the focus of attention when he entered the office.他由于服装奇妙, 一走进办公室便成了大家留意的中心。【考题】The new union w
13、ill provide a _ for discounted teachers. A. foam B. fodder C. middle D. focus 【详解】答案 D。题意：这个新协会将为不满足的老师供应一个活动中心。foam 泡沫；fodder 饲料；middle 中心，中部，多指事物两端之间的位置，常用于短语 in the middle of；focus 集中点，中心。v. to concentrate on something 集中(留意力)：You must try to focus your mind on work and study. (喻)你应当努力把思想集中在工作的学习
14、上。 All eyes were focused on the speaker. ( 喻) 大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。【辨异】focus, concentrate 指集中( 精神、精力)时两词可以换用，但 focus 一般不以详细事物作宾语，concentrate 则可以。【短语】focus one’s attention on=pay attention to 集中留意 focus.on.使„„集中于„„ bring into focus (=bring to a focus) 使集中在焦点上; 使清晰起来; 使明朗化; com
15、e into focus( 某物) 轮廓明显, 清楚; ( 问题) 突出 in focus 焦距对准, 清楚 out of focus 焦距没对准, 模糊 with focus on 把焦点集中在 focus out 散焦其复数形式为 focuses 或 foci 11 overtake v. to come up to the same level as from behind, and usu. pass 追上，赶上：The car overtook the truck.小汽车超过了大卡车。 (of a feeling) to affect very strongly (在感情上)压倒：A
16、 storm overtook the children.孩子们遇到了暴风雨。【考题】A car _ me although I was going very fast. A. caught up B. kept up C. overtook D. speeded 【详解】答案 C。题意：虽然我开得特别快，但是有一辆车超过了我。overtake 是及物动词，相当于 caught up with。【短语】overtake another car 超过另一辆车；be overtaken by a storm 突然受到暴风雨攻击；be overtaken in with drink 喝醉；be ov
17、ertaken with terror 被吓倒； 12 residence n. a house, esp. a large or impressive one 房子，(尤指)大宅，居处：His office is in town, but his residence is in the suburbs. 他的办公室在市区，而住宅在郊区。【联想】resident n. 居民，定居者；adj. 居住的，住校的，住院的 【考题】Only a selected number of landladies in the neighborhood have been allowed by the univ
18、ersity to take in _. A. inhabitants B. settles C. residents D. lodgers 【详解】答案 C 句意：经过高校同意，旁边只有被选定的部分女房东允许接受房客。本题考查近义名词的辨析。resident 意为居民，安居者，住客，寄宿者；inhabitant 意为居民，栖居的动物；settler 指 ( 尤指人口稀有地区的) 移民，殖民者；lodger 意为房客。13 sensitive adj. susceptible to the attitudes, feelings, or circumstances of others.敏感的易
19、受他人的看法、感情或状况影响的：He is very sensitive to criticism. 他对自己个子矮小神经过敏，可别提这件事。 affected greatly or easily by sth. 很受影响的；敏感的：Photographic paper is highly sensitive to light. 感光纸对光非常敏感。【辨异】sensible, sensational, sentimental sensible adj. 明智的；sensational adj. 轰动性的，爆炸性的；sentimental adj. 多愁善感的 【短语】be sensitive
20、to 对„„敏感，易感受。【考题】The eye is _ to light. A. sensible B. sensitive C. sentiment D. senior 【详解】答案 B。题意：眼睛对光很敏感。sensitive to 对„„非常敏感；sensible 明智的；sentiment 感情，情操；senior 年长的，地位高的。14 sober adj. with one’s actions and thoughts not affected by alcohol 未醉的：Does he ever go to bed
21、 sober? 他有过不喝醉就寝的时候吗? serious and thoughtful; solemn 仔细的；审慎的；慎重的：sober judgement 审慎的推断 【联想】派生词 soberize vt. 使醒悟；sobriety n. 醒悟，审慎，节制 【短语】as sober as a judge 肃穆庄重的；非常醒悟的, 一点没有喝醉的 become sober 醒悟 sober down 变冷静, 镇静; ( 使) 宁静下来 sober up off ( 使) 从酒醉中醒悟过来 【考题】Philips is perfectly _; he can drive the car.
22、A. awake B. sober C. slim D. triumphant 【详解】答案 B 。句意：菲利浦丝相当醒悟，他能开车。sober 醒悟的；awake 醒着的；slim 苗条的；triumphant 得胜的。15 species n. a division of animals or plants( 植物或动物的) 品种，种类，物种：Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment.有一些动物已经灭种了，因为它们不能适应环境的改变。【
23、联想】species 的单数形式与复数形式相同。在词组 a species of+n. 无论是单数还是复数，谓语动词都用单数。【短语】a species of 一种 16 subtle adj. delicate, hardly noticeable, and esp. pleasant 细致的，微妙的，敏锐的：His remark on the top leader is both indirect and subtle. 他对高层领导人的评论间接而微妙。【考题】The two words are similar in meaning, but there is _ difference b
24、etween them. A. indistinct B. indecisive C. precise D. subtle 【详解】答案 D。句意：这两个词意思相近，但还是有微小的差别。D 项 subtle 意为微小的，微妙的。indistinct 意为模糊的，不清晰的。indecisive 意为非确定性的。precise 意为精确的。【短语】a subtle observer 敏锐的视察者；a subtle distinction 微妙的差别；subtle fingers 灵活的手指 17 survive v. to continue to live 存活：Few survived afte
25、r the flood. 洪水过后，生还者极少。 The man was very ill, but he survived. 这个人病得很厉害，可是他活下来了。【联想】熟 live →根 vive (=live) →生 revive 复活；survive 幸存；vivid 活灵活现的 【考题】With the help of the government, many people _ after the flood in 1991. A. surveyed B. relieved C. suffered D. survived 【详解】答案 D。题意：在政府的帮助下，许多
26、人在 1991 年洪水中幸存下来。survive 幸免于，幸存；survey 测量，俯瞰；relieve 缓解，消退；suffer 遭遇，经受。18 tone n. sound, esp. with reference to its pitch, quality, strength, etc 声音；音调；音质：Her voice has a pleasant tone. 她的声音有一种悦耳的声调。 manner of expression in speaking 语气；口气；腔调 【短语】take an angry tone with the reporters.带着怒气与记者说话The qu
27、ality or character of sound.音质音的质量或特点 a violin with an excellent tone 音色美丽的小提琴 in rising/falling tone 用升/ 降调；in a tone of 以„„的语调；in various tones of blue 以各种蓝色调 19 urge n. a strong wish or need (for something) 剧烈的渴求，冲动：I had an urge to see him. 我迫切希望见到他。 He has an urge to become a film s
28、tar. 他渴望当一名电影明星。v. to force or drive forward or onward; impel. 推动，驱策( 使) 向前或接着前进；驱策：He urged her to study physics. 他极力劝她学习物理。 encourage or stimulate sb. to do sth 激励或激励某人做某事：The manager urged his staff on (to greater efforts). 经理督促职员更加努力。【联想】urgent adj. 急促的，紧急的；urgency n. 督促，紧急，迫切 【短语】urge against 极
29、力反对 urge. into doing to do 督促 怂恿. 做 urge on onward, forward推动; 驱策 urge sth. on upon sb. 向某人极力陈述某事 urge sb. to do sth 敦促某人做某事 20 weird adj. strange; unnatural 怪异的，奇异的：weird clothes 奇装异服；weird ideas 怪诞的念头 21 at this / that rate at this/that speed 按这/那样的速度：At this rate, we will soon be bankrupt.这样下去的话，
30、我们很快就要破 产了。【辨异】at any rate 无论如何，不管怎样 22 by hand by a person, not a machine 手工做的：In many areas of the country, this kind of job is still being done by hand.在这个国家的很多地方，这样的工作仍旧是手工完成的。【短语】与 hand 相关的短语：hand down 继承 hand on 转交给另外的人 hand out 随意分发；散布 handover 让渡放弃或让出( 财产) 给别人 at hand 邻近；在近旁;燃眉之急；即将发生 in han
31、d 在限制之中 on hand 可用的 on the one hand 从一点来说；从一个观点动身 on the other hand 从另一点来说；从另一个角度动身 out of hand 失去限制 23 for the sake of for the good or advantage of 为„„( 的利益，好处) 着想：He bought a house in the country for the sake of hiswife’s health. 为了妻子的健康他在乡下买了一座房子。【短语】与 sake 相关的短语：for any sake 好歹
32、, 无论如何 for conscience conscience’ssake 为了对得起良心, 为了心安理得 for decency’s sake 为了面子, 为了风光 for God’s Christ’s, goodness, heaven’s,mercy’s, Pete’s sake 看在上帝的面上做做好事吧! 看在老天爷分上! for old time’s sake 为了老交情 for the sake of (=for one’s sake) 为了„„起见
33、, 为了„„ Sakes alive! 美口哎呀! 好家伙!糟糕! 天呀! 吓我一跳! without sake 无缘无故, 毫无理由 24 vice versa the opposite of the situation just described is also true 反之亦然：We gossip about them and vice versa (=they gossipabout us). 我们谈论他们, 他们也谈论我们。Please complete the communicative tasks with appropriate words acco
34、rding to the Dialogue Samples and the Chinese hints, one blank one word. (依据课本中的对话示范及中文提示用适当的词完成下列交际对话，每空限填一词) Wang and Judy are talking about the making of a successful scientist. J:Physics is too complicated for me. No matter how hard I work, I just can’t (1) _ _ _ other students. ( 无论我怎么用功，
35、我都跟不上其他同学) W:Don’t be so disappointed. Where there’s a will, (2) _ _ _. ( 有志者，事竟成) J:You really think so? W:Yes, you know I am reading an autography by Feynman and I just (3)_ _ _ how witty a Noble Prize Laureate can be. ( 你知道我在读费恩德自传， 很难信任一个诺贝尔奖获得者能够这样多才多艺) And I learnt a lot from his s
36、tory.J:Didn’t he get the prize for physics? W:He did. But he was also known for his (4)_ _ _ _ . (因杰出的教学而出名)He was one of the best quantum physics teachers and even today, his class-notes are (5) _ _ students. (他的讲义很受学生欢迎) J:But an autobiography by a physicist must (6) _ _ _ _ (但是物理学家的自传肯定有些乏味
37、) W:(7)_ _ _ ! ( 一点也不) J:Do you think Feynman wouldn’t have become such a great physicist if his father had not (8) _ _ at an early age?( 假如他父亲没有在早期培育他的才智，他就不行能成为这样宏大的物理学家?) W:I don’t know. But I do think that although nature may (9) _ _ _ , nurture can do a lot to (10) _ _ _. Successful
38、 scientists probably have both nature and nurture working for them. (但我的确认为，虽然先天能打下基础，但是后天也可以缩小差距。胜利的科学家，可能既有先天，又有后天) J:I think so, and I will work harder to make progress in physics. 参考答案 1. catch up with2. there’s a way3. can’t get over4. exceptional teaching 5. popular with 6. be kind of boring7. Not at all8. nurtured his mind9. set the base10. fill in the gap 本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！第18页 共18页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页