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1、中图分类号： HO-05 学校代码 ： 10216 UDC： 80 密级：公开 文学硕士学位论文 美国情景喜剧生活大爆炸的话轮转换分析 硕 士 研 究 生 ：李楠 导 师 ：董洪学教授 申 请 学 位 ：文 学硕士 学科专业： 英语语言文学 所在单位 ：外国语学院 答 辩 日 期 ： 2 0 1 4 年 12月 授予学位单位：燕 山大学 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Analysis of Turn-taking in Am
2、erican Situation Comedy The Big Bang Theory by Li Nan Supervisor: Professor Dong Hongxue Yanshan University December, 2014 燕山大学硕士学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：此处所提交的硕士学位论文美国情景喜剧 的话 轮转换分析，是本人在导师指导下，在燕山大学攻读硕士学位期间独立进行研究工 作所取得的成果。据本人所知，论文中除已注明部分外不包含他人已发表或撰写过 的研究成果。对本文的研究工作做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方 式注明。本声明的法律结果将完全由本人承担。
3、 作者签字李楠 日期： 2014 年 12 月 17 日 燕山大学硕士学位论文使用授权书 美国情景喜剧 的话轮转换分析系本人在燕山大学攻读硕士学 位期间在导师指导下完成的硕士学位论文。本论文的研究成果归燕山大学所有，本 人如需发表将署名燕山大学为第一完成单位及相关人员。本人完全了解燕山大学关 于保存、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向有关部门送交论文的复印件和电 子版本，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权燕山大学，可以采用影印、缩印或其他 复制手段保存论文，可以公布论文的全部或部分内容。 保密 ，在 本学位论文属于 不保密 H。 (请在以上相应方框内打 “ V 作者签名：李楠 导师签名：董洪学
4、年解密后适用本授权书。 日期： 2014 年 12 月 17 日 日期： 2014 年 12 月 17 日 摘要 情景喜剧是一种由国外引进的电视节目形式。目前在中国已经成为三大电视剧 类型之一。虽然情景喜剧在国内非常流行 ,但是国内对于情景喜剧的研究相对滞后并 且不全面。会话分析是话语分析的重要部分，而话轮转换是会话分析的核心。话轮 转换吸引了许多中外学者的广泛关注。话轮转换的研究主要是对于日常会话 ,机构话 语等的会话分析研究。但是从话轮转换的角度研究情景喜剧的是少之又少。因此，研 究情景喜剧中的话轮转换可以以此来发现情景喜剧中话轮转换的特点，使观众对于 喜剧中的语言能够有更好的理解。其还可
5、以丰富话轮转换理论的研究范围， 具有非 常重要的理论和实践意义。 本文以 Sacks, Schegloff 和 Jefferson 提出的话轮转换理论为基础，研究美 国情景喜剧生活大爆炸的话轮转换特点。本论文主要研究方法是会话分析，并 且使用定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法来分析美国情景喜剧生活大爆炸第五 季的全部 24 集。旨在发现该喜剧的话轮构成的特点、话轮分配的技巧和话轮转换策 略的使用特点。首先本文分析了话轮构成的成分、特点以及分布情况。发现该情景 喜剧中主要的话轮构成成分是以句子和句群为主。然后从当前发话人选择和自选两 方面分析了话轮分配的技巧。发现当前发话人在分配话轮时主要使用的技巧
6、是提问， 而自选分配时主要使用最先开始的技巧。最后，分析了话轮转换的策略。分别从话 轮的索取、话轮的保持和话轮的放弃三个方面研究作品中的话轮转换策略。作者希 望本文的研究结果能够帮助观众更好地理解该作品中的对话，同时丰富话轮转换理 论研究领域，促进社会语言学的发展。 关键词： 生活大爆炸；话轮转换；话轮构成成分；话轮分配成分；话轮转换策略 Abstract Situation comedy, as a television program form brought from abroad, now has taken a place in three main kinds of TV seri
7、es in China. Sitcom gains great popularity in China, however, the domestic relative study on the situation comedy lags and is not all-inclusive. Most scholars pay attention to situation comedy from the aspect of pragmatics, but few researches learn it from language itself. Conversation analysis is a
8、n important part of discourse and turn-taking is the core of conversation analysis. It has attracted many scholars9 attention. They mainly studied turn-taking of daily conversation and later institutional conversation became popular in turn-taking field. However few researchers pay attention to conv
9、ersation in situation comedy. Therefore, it is necessary for us to study situation comedy from perspective of turn-taking. This study can help to find out the turn-taking features of situation comedy, make the audience understand the language better in it. It can also enrich the research of turn-tak
10、ing theory. Therefore, this study has both theoretical significance and practical significance. Under the theoretical framework of turn-taking theory proposed by Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson, this paper analyzes the features of turn-taking in American situation comedy The Big Bang Theory. Conversa
11、tion analysis is the main method. Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis are combined to do the research. 24 episodes in season five of The Big Bang Theory are studied. This thesis aims to find out features of turn-taking in The Big Bang Theory, including turn-constructional components, turn
12、 allocational components and turn-taking strategies. The author firstly studies the features and distribution of turn-constructional components. It is found that turn-constructional components are word, phrase, complex sentence, sentence and sentence group. And the main components are sentence and s
13、entence group. And then techniques of turn allocation are analyzed from two aspects: the current selects next and self-selection. The techniques used in this work for current speaker selection are question, nomination and greeting among which question and nomination are the main techniques. And the
14、techniques used in this work for iii self-selection are starting first, insertion, multiple self-selection and interruption. Starting first is used the most. At last, turn-taking strategies, including turn-claiming strategies, turn-holding strategies and turn-yielding strategies, are discussed. It i
15、s hope that the consequence of this thesis will help audience have better understanding on the conversation in situation comedy, at the same time enrich the field of turn-taking theory and improve the development of social linguistics. Keywords： The Big Bang Theory， turn-taking; turn-constructional
16、components; turn-allocational components; turn-taking strategies Contents Supervisor: Professor Dong Hongxue. 2 Yanshan University . 2 J 商 . i Abstract . iii Contents .v List of Tables . vii List of Figures . ix Chapterl Introduction . 1 1.1 Research background . 1 1.2 Introduction of situation come
17、dy . 2 1.3 Research questions and content . 4 1.4 Organization of the thesis . 5 Chapter 2 Literature Review . 7 2.1 Review of turn and turn-taking . 7 2.1.1 Definitions of turn and turn-taking . 7 2.1.2 Tirn-taking in conversation analysis . 9 2.2 Tirn-taking system . 10 2.2.1 Tirn-constructional c
18、omponents . 10 2.2.2 Tirn-allocation components . 12 2.2.3 Tirn-taking rules . 14 2.2.4 Tirn-taking strategies. 15 2.3 Overseas and domestic research status of turn and turn-taking. 17 2.4 Introduction to The Big Bang Theory . 19 2.4.1 A brief introduction of The Big Bang Theory . 19 2.4.2 Related r
19、esearches of The Big Bang Theory . 21 Chapter 3 Research Design . 23 V 3.1 Research questions . 23 3.2 Data collection . 23 3.3 Research method. 23 3.4 Research procedures . 24 Chapter 4 Data Analysis . 27 4.1 Tirn-constructional components . 27 4.1.1 Tirn constructed by word . 29 4.1.2 Tirn constru
20、cted by phrase. 32 4.1.3 Tirn constituted by sentence . 34 4.1.4 Tirn constructed by complex sentence . 35 4.1.5 Tirn constructed by sentence group . 36 4.2 Tirn-allocational components . 38 4.2.1 Current speaker selects next . 39 4.2.2 Self-selection . 42 4.3 Tirn-taking strategies . 47 4.3.1 Tirn-
21、claiming strategies . 48 4.3.2 Tirn-holding strategies . 54 4.3.3 Tirn-yielding strategies . 59 Chapter 5 Conclusion. 65 5.1 Major findings . 65 5.2 Implications and Limitations . 68 References . 71 Appendix . 75 Acknowledgements . 87 作者简介 . 89 List of Tables Table 1 Statistics of turn-constructiona
22、l components in The Big Bang Theory 28 Table 2 The techniques of the current speaker selection and proportion 39 Table 3 The techniques of self-selection and proportion 43 Table 4 Number and proportion of turn-holding strategies 55 Table 5 Number and proportion of turn-yielding strategies 60 Vll Lis
23、t of Figures Figure 1 Proportion of turn-constructional components in The Big Bang Theory 27 Figure 2 Proportion of turn-claiming strategies 48 Chapterl Introduction Turn-taking, which has been studied by domestic researchers and abroad scholars for a long time, is an important characteristic of con
24、versation. However, few studies are made on the mechanical features of turn-taking in situation comedy. Therefore, in this paper, the author makes research on this field and enriches the turn-taking system theory of Sacks and so on. In this chapter, the author gives a brief introduction about turn-t
25、aking and situation comedy. 1.1 Research background Situation comedy, as a television program form brought from abroad, now has taken a place in three main kinds of TV series. In the 1980s, Chinese TV makers tried to apply foreign situation comedy show style to Chinese TV programs. Ying in the 1990s
26、, used to study in the United States. In his own maiden work / Love My Family he officially introduced the concept of situation comedy to China. Since then, the so-called TV situation comedy style formally gains more and more peoples familiarization and love. As the situation comedy production level
27、 improving, it has a certain scale of viewers and gradually forms its own characteristics. The sense of humor and happy life concepts it conveys also unknowingly permeate through peoples everyday life. Situation comedy quickly gathering popularity in the Chinese market illustrates that Chinas TV vie
28、wers need such a lighthearted TV program and at the same time indicates the vast development space of situation comedy in the future in China. Comparing with the sitcoms popularity, however, the domestic relative study on the situation comedy lags and is not all-inclusive. The main research directio
29、ns of the situation comedy are pragmatics and language humor. But few learn it from language itself, such as conversation analysis or the characteristics of turn and turn-taking. Analyzing the turn-taking characteristics of the situation comedy would help the audiences have better understanding on t
30、he humorous language and then helps apply it into practice to help construct the humorous language. Therefore, analysis of turn-taking characteristics of the situation comedy has a dual urgency both in theory and practice. Conversation as a communicational way of human thought is a basic form of dis
31、course. Naturally conversation analysis is also an important part of discourse analysis. The organization of taking turns to talk is fundamental to conversation, as well as to other speech-exchange systems (Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson, 1974). Conversation analysis was firstly proposed in the 1960s
32、as a new subject on the foundation of comprehensive development of sociology, linguistics, psychology communication and anthropology. The representatives of conversational analysis are Sacks and Schegloff whose researches laid the theoretical foundation of conversation analysis and established analy
33、sis methods of daily conversation. Then a lot of scholars being based on the basis theory of Sacks and Schegloff carried on the further researches, such as Jefferson, Yule, and so on. Some scholars also put forward a new theory on the basis of it, such as Levinsons face theory, Verschuerens adaptati
34、on theory and so on. These theories are summarized from the analysis of peoples daily conversation and can be used to guide people to understand conversation correctly and to use language to reach communicative purposes. The core part and key research points of conversation analysis are turn-taking.
35、 Fasold has suggested that turn-taking is the key problem in discourse analysis and it received extensive attention in linguistics field. Therefore, turn-taking has attracted many scholars5 attention. Some scholars researched on turn-taking of daily conversation, some scholars researched on turn-tak
36、ing of institutional discourse and the others studied turn-taking of semi-institutional discourse. However seldom pay attention to daily humorous conversation. Therefore, it has very important significance for us to study situation comedy from view of turn-taking. 1.2 Introduction of situation comedy American broadcast situation comedy, b