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1、Unit 4 Body language1. representvt. 象征；表示；作为的代表；代表；（尤指以绘画，雕刻等）表现；描绘；描写常用结构：represent sth 代表，代理represent as 把描绘成represent sth to sb 向某人说明某事represent sb as/to be宣称某人是The red lines on the map represent railways. 这张地图上的红线代表铁路。He was picked out from the whole class to represent them at the other school.
2、他被挑选出来作为全班同学的代表，到另一所学校去。She represents her mother as the kindest mother in the world. 她把她的妈妈描绘成世界上最好的母亲。You should represent your complaints to the manager.你们应该向经理说明你们的不满。He represents himself as an expert in English.他自称是英语专家。联想拓展representative n. 代表；众议员 adj. 典型的；有代表性的representation n. 表现；陈述；代理易混辨析r
3、epresent/stand for/on behalf ofrepresent指“代表某人/某个团体/政府等，或指某种标志代表什么，某物表现/描绘的是什么”。 stand for 通常指字母、数字、符号等代表/象征什么。on behalf of 指代表/代替某人，只能作状语。选词填空(represent/representation/representative)Each color on the chart a different department.The were all amazed by what had happened in the factory.Our company h
4、as no in Africa.答案: represents representatives representation2. approachvt.接近，走进;着手处理n. 接近，临近；方法，途径an approach to （待人接物或思考问题的）方法，方式，at the approach of 在快到的时候He approached me with stealthy steps. 他悄然走近我。Our approach scared the butterfly and it flew away. 我们走近时把那只蝴蝶吓跑了。Our vacation is approaching, but
5、 we still cant decide where to go.我们的假期日益临近，可我们仍定不下来取哪里。Do you know the best approach to studying foreign languages?你知道学习外语的最佳方法吗？At the approach of the new year, the whole society emphasized safety.在快到新年的时候，整个社会强调安全问题。易混辨析approach/way/method/meansapproach除了意为“方法”之外，还有“接近”的意思。an approach to(介词)“的方法”
6、。way构成in the way“用这种方法”;the way to do/the way of doing (to为不定式)“做某事的方法”。method构成with a method “用一种方法”。means 意为“方式，方法”。单复数同形，构成by means of “通过方法”。He put up a new approach to the difficulty. 他提出了解决这个困难的新方法。Can you tell me the way to work out the maths problem?= Can you tell me the way of working out t
7、he maths problem? 你能告诉我做那道数学题的方法吗？We should improve our teaching method, with which we can make ourselves understood better. 我们应该改善我们的教学方法，用这些方法，可以使学生更好的理解我们。We arrived there by means of plane. (means) 我们坐飞机到达那儿。(1)单项填空There is no easy _to the mathematics. A. Way B. means C. method D. approach(2)单句改
8、错 His approach for the problem is special and proves good. All the approaches of the airport were blocked by the police.(1)选D。 (2)forto。of to。 3. defencen. 保卫，防御；防卫设备; (被告的)答辩；辩护常用结构：in defence of保卫；为辩护注意： defence后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者”时用介词 against；若后接“被保护者”时用介词 of。Hundreds of people gave their lives in def
9、ence of freedom.数以百计的人为了捍卫自由而牺牲了。The forest will act as a defence against desert dust. 森林能起到防御沙漠尘土的作用。This fort was once the main defence of the island. 这座堡垒曾经是这个岛上主要的防御设施。The defence of the accused was rather weak. 被告人的辩护软弱无力。联想拓展defend v. 防护；辩护；防守；保卫The wall was built to defend the road from being
10、 washed away by the sea. 建这个围墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。易混辨析defend/protect/guard这三个词都有“使安全或保持安全状态不遭受危险、攻击或伤害”的意思，但它们之间还有些差异。defend 含有“采取措施抵制进攻”的意思。protect 常含有“提供安全的方式来驱开不适、伤害或进攻”的意思。guard 含有“看守”的意思。完成句子 那位警察看守犯人。The policeman _ the prisoners. 当那只狗攻击我时，我拾起一根木棍自卫。When the dog attacked me, I picked up a stick and
11、_ myself. 他戴着墨镜以防他的眼睛被强烈的太阳光晒伤。He wears sunglasses to_ his eyes from the strong sunlight. (1) guarded (2) defended (3) protect4. closeadv. 接近地；靠近地；紧密地（常与介词to连用）adj. 近的；接近的；(关系)密切的；严密的；(尤指比赛)势均力敌的v. 结束；关闭；关His house is close to the factory. 他家靠近这个工厂。易混辨析close/closelyclose 是指距离、场所、地点等的“接近，靠近”，可以说是一种实际
12、意义上的“接近”。closely是指抽象意义上的“接近”，多用比喻意义，有“亲密地；严密地；仔细地”等含义。区别high/highly；wide/widely；deep/deeply等一类词。带ly的副词往往用作抽象意义或比喻意义，而不带ly的副词多用作实际意义。The thief came close to him and stole the money from his pocket. 小偷走近他，把他口袋里的钱偷走了。Good teaching and good testing are closely related. 出色的教学工作与完善的测试制度密切相关。选词填空（close/clo
13、sely） It was very cold, so the little girl stood to her mother.The policeman examined the room to find the lost jewels.答案: close closely5. curiousadj.好奇的，感兴趣的；奇异的，不同寻常的The foreign tourists were surrounded by the curious children. 外国游客被一群好奇的孩子包围着。He is suffering from a curious disease. 他患了一种奇怪的病。 常用结
14、构：be curious about 对感到好奇be curious to do 急于做/极想做联想拓展curiosity n.好奇curiously adv. 好奇地out of curiosity 出于好奇with curiosity 好奇地I asked out of mere curiosity. 我只不过是出于好奇问问罢了。 单项填空 I was to find out what he said. A. strange B. amusing C. curious D. conscious 选C。 6. likelyadj. 可能的（表示可能性很大时，可用most，very修饰like
15、ly）常用结构：It is likely that sb/sth.=sb/sth. is likely to do.某人可能做某事not likely (表示坚决不同意)绝不可能；绝对不会易混辨析possible/probable/likelypossible表示客观上潜在的可能性，也许实际发生的可能性并不大；一般不用表示人的词作主语。只有 possible 后面可以接 for sb. to do sth.，而likely和probable 都不能。常用句型：It is possible that; It is possible (for sb) to do probable表示有几分根据的推
16、测，比possible表示的可能性大。换句话说，probable的“有可能”，是指有实际的依据或逻辑上合乎情理。一般不用表示人的词作主语。常用句型：It is probable thatlikely只有 be likely 前面的主语可以是人，而 possible 和 probable则不能。It is possible to transmute one form of energy into another.把某种形态的能量改变成另一种形态的能量是可能的。It is possible that the first people crossed into Australia from Asia
17、 on a great land bridge.第一批从亚洲进入澳大利亚的人可能是从一座巨大的陆地桥上过去的。It is probable that our school will buy a new computer.我们学校很有可能买一台新电脑。Its very likely that hell succeed.=He is very likely to succeed. 他极有可能成功。Im hardly likely to finish it within a week. 我不可能在一周内把它干完。 单项填空I cant go out. It is very that Mary wil
18、l ring me tonight. （2010山东聊城模块检测）A. likely B. possibly C. probably D. perhapsTom was to win first prize in the competition, but his illness made him miss the chance. （201001浙江台州检测）A. possible B. probable C. likely D. maybe选A。 选C。用possible, probable, likely填空(1) He will very _ to pass the exam.(2) It
19、s highly _ that they will win the match.(3) It is _ for me to change jobs.(4) If you grow up in a large family, you are more _ to develop the ability to get on well with others.(5) It is very late. Ill come back as soon as _.(1) likely (2) probable (3) possible (4) likely (5) possible7. easen. 安逸；舒适
20、v. 减轻（痛苦，忧虑）；缓和；放松The injection brought her immediate ease. 她经过注射后，疼痛消失了。 常用结构：at ease 感到舒适而无忧虑；感到放松，不拘束put sb at ease 使某人放松，安心with ease 毫不费劲地，轻而易举地We are at ease for your safe return.见您平安归来，我们感到放心了。The question was so easy that I could answer it with ease. 这个问题如此简单以至于我回答得很轻松。He handed her a cup of
21、coffee to put her at ease.他递给她一杯咖啡让她放松下来。(1)单项填空He felt completely ease Mary. A. at; with B .at ; to C. with; with D. to; to(2)完成句子 听说孩子们都很安全，她才放心。Her mind knowing that the children were safe. 她不断练习奏鸣曲直到熟练为止。She practiced until she could play the sonata .(3) 他轻而易举地考及格了。He passed the test _.(4) 医生给了他
22、一些止疼片以减缓疼痛。The doctor gave him some pills to _.(1) 选A。 (2)was at ease with ease (3) with ease (4) ease his/the pain8.function n. 作用；功能；职能 vi. 运转；起作用；产生功能function as 起的作用；具有的功能In your new job, you will be expected to perform many different functions.在新的工作岗位上，你可能要履行许多不同的职责。Can you explain exactly how
23、this new system will function?你能解释一下这个新系统究竟是怎样运转的吗？This machine is not functioning properly.这台机器不能正常运转。This chair can also function as a bed.这把椅子也可以当作床用。重点短语9.turn ones back to 背对；背弃He turned his back to her and spoke quietly into the phone.他转过身背对着她，对着电话轻声说话。Why did he suddenly turn his back to your
24、 agreement?他为什么突然背弃你们的协议？The thief turned his _ to the policeman in order not to beRecognized.A head B face C back D hand答案：Cturn的相关短语:turn up 出席；出现；开大turn down 拒绝；关小turn out 结果是turn to sb for help 向某人求助turn in 交上；上交turn over 打翻；移交；反复考虑10. I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking ar
25、ound curiously.我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。looking around是现在分词作伴随状语。联想拓展伴随状语的特点: 它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报纸。All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。She was walking in the street, singing a song.她在街道上走着，唱着一首歌。单项填
26、空“You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ranHe glanced over at her， that though she was tiny；she seemed very well put together. （201001浙江宁波检测）A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted选B。选A。11.Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek
27、.kiss sb on the cheek 亲吻某人的脸颊本句型为：vt.+sb.+in/on/by +the+身体部位，可用于这一固定句型的动词有：(1) take/seize/catch/lead sb. by the arm/nose/hand(2) hit/strike/touch/pat/wound sb. in the face/stomach/chest(3) hit/strike/touch/pat sb. on the head/shoulder/back/neckHe took his son by the arm and crossed the road.他领着儿子的胳膊
28、穿过了马路。、His teacher patted him on the shoulder and said, “work hard and youll succeed.”他老师拍着他的肩膀说：“努力学习，你会成功的。”His father hit him in the face. 他父亲打了他的脸。注意：这一结构中，the不能用形容词性物主代词替代，也不能用所有格替代。单项填空John rushed out and _ the thief _ arm.A seized; by B seized; by his C seizing; by the D seized; by the答案： D12
29、 association n. 社团；联系；联想He is a member of the Association of University Teachers.他是大学教师联合会的一名成员。He has no association with foreigners.他和外国人没有联系。Scotland has all kinds of happy associations for me.苏格兰给我各种各样愉快的联想。知识延伸associate vt. 结合；联合；联想Dont associate with dishonest boys.不要和不诚实的男孩结交。We often associa
30、te China with the Great Wall.我们经常把中国与长城联系起来。单项填空Lying on the grass with eyes closed brought me lots of _.A connection B association C condition D situations答案： B完成句子1）I _（把夏天和假期联想在一起）。2）你如果与这些人交往，我将很伤心。Ill be sad if you _.1) associate summer with holidays2) associate with those people13 The first pe
31、rson to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.to arrive是不定式做后置定语。当中心词是序数词或被序数词限定时，常用不定式做后置定语。He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他总是第一个来最后一个离开。My son told me gladly that he was the third person to finish his work and the only one to get f
32、ull marks in his class.我儿子高兴地对我说他是他们班第三个完成作业并且唯一一个得满分的人。单项填空- The last one _ pays the meal.- Agreed!A arrived B arrives C to arrive D arriving答案： C14 When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony Garcias smiling face.dash vi. 猛冲；突进 n. 猛冲；飞奔make a dash for向猛冲The w
33、olf dashed through the woods. 狼突然跑进树林中。The child made a dash for the door. 那个小孩朝门口冲去。单项填空At the sound of the gun, the police came _.A rush B to rush C rushed D rushing 答案： DDont dash again; you cant catch it. 别再冲了，你抓不住它。15 Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be
34、 uninterested.look away from 把目光从移开，不看His brother looks away from him and begins to write something.他哥哥不看他，开始写着什么。Look down on/upon轻视；瞧不起Look up to 尊敬；尊重Look forward to 盼望；期待You shouldnt look down upon him just because he is a dustman. 你不应该因为他是个清洁工就轻视他。The day we have been looking forward to has com
35、e at last. 这个日子好不容易盼到了。in most cases 在大多数情况下；在大多数场合下In most cases, it is necessary to have a healthy diet. 在大多数情况下，健康饮食是必要的。知识延伸In any case 无论如何；总之in case 万一；如果；以防in this/that case 如果这/那样in no case 在任何情况下都不（置于句首时句子要采用部分倒装）In any case, youll have to be at the station by 8:00.无论如何，你必须在8点前到达车站。学科网（北京）股份有限公司