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1、2022年大学英语四级写作技巧简介 高校英语四级写作技巧简介 之一文章结构 英文写作始终是学生们的弱项，四级考试将近，大家都很担忧写作问题，在此我先简洁介绍一下文章的结构问题，以后再谈其他方面。 四级写作一般以三段式绽开，题目要求中通常包含三个要点，每个要点为一段（记住，肯定要分段），第一段提出问题，其次段分析问题，第三段解决问题。以历年的真题为例，2022年12月的题目为Spring Festival Gala on CCTV，要求：1。很多人喜爱看春节晚会；2。但有些人提出取消春节晚会；3。我的看法。“喜爱看春节晚会”是正常现象，应当作为问题的开端进行简短介绍，“有些人提出取消春节晚会”才
2、是重点，必需给出相应的篇幅做具体阐述。最终表明我的观点，其实就是问作者的看法及解决这个冲突的方法。又如2022年6月的题目：An Announcement for a Voluntary Program, 要求：1。校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动现招募志愿者；2。本次志愿活动的目的、内容及支配；3。报名条件和联系方式。这仍是三段式的结构，第一段提出问题告之大家会举办一次暑假志愿活动，其次段描述问题介绍志愿活动的相关信息，第三段解决问题怎样加入志愿活动（报名信息）。往年还考过写简历，写演讲稿，论述社会现象等题目，总是跳不出三段式，因此学生们必需驾驭如何写三段式作文。 总的来说有三点要留意：1。开篇
3、就得点题。文章字数有限，必需实行开宗明义的方法，但开篇点题并不是说第一段第一句话就得提出问题，在这之前可以有所修饰，有导入的成分，但不要太长，一般第三句就得清晰、突出地把问题点出来。2。中间段阐述必需清晰。中间段是全文的核心部分，要做到阐述清晰，论证充分，要有一样性、连贯性和条理性。一般由主题句和扩展句组成，主题句是观点的高度浓缩，应当言简意赅；扩展句是对主题句的具体阐述，应当做到理由充分，内容一样。3。结尾段进行总结，并提出解决问题的方法。最终的总结在观点上可以重申但不行以重复，另外结尾肯定要有所升华，不能仍停留在对问题的描述上，既然存在问题，就必需想方法解决。 至于如何开端、如何论述、如何
4、结尾的问题，大家敬请期盼下一回吧！当然我不会让大家久等的:) 写作实力无法一口气提高，大家必需在平常勤修苦练。 之二突出主题 Well begun is a half done，如何开头是值得留意的问题，它能确定你的文章给人留下的first impression。中国人喜爱先讲道理最终给出结论，而西方人习惯先下定义，再渐渐说明。根据西方人的思维方式，我们在写文章开头的时候就得突出主题，不旁敲侧击。 常见的开头的写作方法大致有下面几种： 1。引述名言谚语 eg: You have to believe in yourself. Thats the secret of success. Charl
5、es Chaplin ever said. In my opinion, self-confidence is the first element on the way to your goal.As the old saying goes:Knowledge is power. The main way for us students to gain knowledge is from the books. So some students argue thatwe should read extensively. It is well known to us all that . 2. 对
6、比，比较 eg: Some people say ., while others claim that . Some people believe., but others argue that. Old people often feel that., but for the young, it is . 3. 提出一个问题 eg： What constitutes enough information for the decision-maker? Its impossible to put a number on it, but. Should the Spring Festival G
7、ala be cancelled ? Different people have different answers. Misunderstanding is inevitable in communications. If such misfortuns occurs, what is your response? Here are some tips for you to treat it in a proper way. 4。数据引证（一般用在看图作文中） eg: As we can see in the charts，the number of Chinese people who g
8、o abroad has increased greatly between 1992 and 2002. As is clearly shown in the charts, there is an increasing number of people who own a car during the recent three years. The figures in this graph（曲线图）show us that. According to the graph, we can find that. It can be seen from the table（图表，表格）that
9、. 5. 陈述现状 eg: With the rapid development of., the interview is becoming more and more important in job-hunting. Because of the development of., great changes have occured in the educational system of China. Nowadays mobilphone is very popular with college students.In recent years cheating in CET4 st
10、ill prevails among the college students. （近几年里四级考试舞弊现象在高校生中仍旧很普遍。） It is well-accepted that nowadays dishonesty is a common phenomenon in society. There is a heated debate over private car. Nowadays private car aroused a lot of controversy. 偏离主题是写作中的大忌讳，它意味着考生做了30分钟的白工。为了避开这个问题我们肯定要细致省题，弄清晰考题要求是写争论文
11、、说明文还是记叙文，然后确定文章主题和大致思路。 之三主题句和扩展句 在明确了题目要求、确定立意后，应当依据题意构思出文章的框架结构。其中写好主题句是最关键的步骤。 论述的段落包含多个主题句。主题句（topic sentence）反映段落的中心思想，体现文章的整体结构，让读者对作者的思路一目了然。要写好主题句必需留意以下几个方面： 1。主题句必需是个完整的句子，与文章主旨亲密相关。 2。主题句一般是general sentence，内容明确、详细。 3。主题句内涵要广，便于绽开细微环节论述。 比如，写一篇论述计算器的文章，主题思想是反映计算器能帮助人们快速解决算术问题，但过分依靠计算器会对人脑
12、有不良影响。那么主题句应当要紧扣计算器的运用利弊这个方面， eg: Calculators can obveousely benefit us. However, overusing calculators will also do some harm to us. 假如句子不够详细明确，段落的主题便模糊不清，在进一步阐述时会失去方向感。如：To improve English proficiency, one needs to acquire some skills. 这句话中的some skills太泛，读者弄不清究竟是哪方面的技能技巧。改成：To improve reading abil
13、ity, one needs to acquire some reading skills. 这样含义清晰，范围明确，便于细微环节描述。 而假如句子涉及的面太窄，不够general，没有进一步探讨的余地，这样的句子就不适合作主题句。如：Today more and more women are going out to work. 这句话含义特别清晰，没有进行具体阐述的必要，所以它本身只能是细微环节句，用来说明主题句。 主题句确定后，必需有足够的细微环节去支持主题句所提出的观点，给出充分、有力的论证。这就是扩展句的任务。扩展句是段落的主干部分，是对主题句的中心思想的具体说明，它的特点是：1。清
14、楚详实；2。条理分明；3。内容一样。如：主题句为：Cellphone is one of the most popular means of communication. 那么接下来的扩展句应当要紧跟这个中心愿思，有条理地进行阐述：（扩展句1）People make use of it to make an appointment, take a message for others, discuss a question and so on. （扩展句2）People even use it to have a meeting or give a notice.这两句话都说明白手机的社交功能
15、，而且以递进的依次排列，让读者更好地理解主题句的含义，具有劝服力。 之四段落的绽开 主题句与扩展句构成段落，那么文章段落有什么样的特点呢？ 1。段落一样性。 在一个段落就只有一个主题句，就是说一个段落就只能有一个中心思想，一个核心，段落中全部其他句子都要围绕这个中心绽开或铺述，一切与主题句没有 干脆关系的句子都要舍弃掉。如：However, fake commodities are extremely harmful to consumers as well as to the whole society. First of all, fake commodities may cause lo
16、sses to consumers. Meanwhile, fake commodities may harm peoples health, sometimes even lives. And in the 1998 fatal alcohol poisoning case in Shanxi Province, for example, a peasant produced alcohol, dreaming of becoming rich overnight; which, with 27 people killed and about 700 poisoned, caused gre
17、at sufferings to the victims and shocked the whole country as well. Therefore, it is really high time we took action to crack down on the production and sale of fake commodities. 第一句明显是主题句，其后作者用了三个扩展句进行说明，每句话都与主题句亲密相关，最终的结尾句对整段论述做了升华。所以这一段落是符合一样性原则的。 2。段落连贯性 一个好段落在详细语言上和内容上要有连贯性，段落中的句子要符合肯定的条理和逻辑依次，
18、句与句之间连接要紧密，过度要自然、流畅，这样才能反映出一个清楚的思路。如：It is known to us all that modern transportation plays an important role in our life. In the past people used to suffer a great deal if they had to make a long journey or convey some heavy goods, the fact is that the transport means at that time was simple and ra
19、re. Today, various vehicles, ships and airplanes have enabled us to go wherever we like to. Not only does modern transportation bring people much convenience, but is also frees people from the hard work of conveyance. What is more important is that modern transportaion has saved much of our time so
20、that we can do more work and learn more knowledge. 第一句话点明主题，然后通过古今对比绽开论述，按时间依次排列，条理清晰，语句连贯自然。 按逻辑依次支配细微环节是使段落连贯的方法之一，常用的依次有四种：时间依次、空间依次、演绎法和归纳法。演绎法是先通过主题句给出一般的总体的观点，然后给出扩展句摆详细的事实，体现了一般到详细的依次；归纳法是先给详细事实和细微环节，再概括总结出其中道理、规律，体现了详细到一般的依次。 使段落连贯的方法之二是运用适当的连接手段，一般是指关联词的运用。这个问题我下次再详许述。 之五段落的连贯性 在确定好一条条的扩展句后
21、，怎样把这些句子流畅而连贯地组合在一起呢？这便是关联词发挥作用的时候了。在英语中，句与句之间、段与段之间一般都有连词或关联词连接，通过这些词读者能够很清晰地明白文章前后的逻辑联系。适当运用关联词是四级写作必备的技能，大家应当要引起特殊重视。常用的关联词分为四类： 1。列举类 列举法常用在争论文中，当作者提出一个论点后，可通过列举出一系列事实对其进行说明或论证。列举类关联词有： first, second,. finally; for one thing, for another; on the one hand, on the other hand; moreover; furthermore
22、; whats more; in addition; besides; first of all; in the first place, in the second place; last; then; next; the last but not the least 2。举例类 举例法是用事例或数据对中心观点进行说明论证的方法，举例类关联词有： for example; for instance; such as; like; take.for example; a case in point; namely; in other words; that is; especially; in
23、 particular 3。比较和对比 比较是把两种或两种以上的事物进行比较，以辨别出它们的相像之处；对比是将这些事物进行比照，辨别其差异而指出各自的特征和本质。这类关联词有：but; however; yet; otherwise; while; in contrast; by contrast; on the contrary; similarly; likewise; like; conversely; rather than; instead; on the other hand; equally; nevertheless; nonetheless; unlike; still; i
24、n the same way; compared with. 4. 因果类 as a result; since; because; thanks to; due to; owing to; for this reason; hence; thus; therefore; on this/that account; on account of; consequently 5. 总结类 总结法是指在表达了一个观点或举了一个例子后，进行总结、给出概括，这类关联词有： in this case; according to; in a word; in brief; in short; to sum
25、up 之六四级写作万能句型 1）第一段： （1）现状说明：“用于文章开头的语句” 1.When asked about./ When it comes to./ Faced with. most/many people believe that ., but other people consider it differently/ regard it as. 2. When it comes to ., peoples opinions differ. Some hold the opinion that ., while others claim that . 3. There is no
26、 consensus of opinions among people as to the role/ view/ idea of . Some people claim that ., while others believe that . 4. There is a general discussion today about the problem/ issue of . Those who criticize . argue that . They believe that . But people who advocate ., on the other hand, argue th
27、at . 5. Most people are of the opinion that . But I personally believe that . 6. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that . 7. Now, it is generally acknowledged that ., but I doubt whether . （2) 图表描述：“用于描写图片或数据的语句” 1. In 1990, it increased/decreased from . to . 2. By comparison wi
28、th 1998, it decreased/increased by 3. The figure has nearly doubled,compared with/ as against that of last year. 4. It has increased/ decreased almost twice/ six times, compared with . 5. The number is twice/ four times/ half as much as that of 1990. 6. It accounts for/ takes up. percent of the tota
29、l. 7. The number was more than/ less than .,a half/ third/ quater of the 1990 total. 2）其次段： （1）缘由列举：“用于说明缘由的语句” 1. The phenomenon/change in . mainly result from the fact that . 2. One may regard the phenomenon as a .sign of./ response to. 3. There are many causes/ reasons for this dramatic growth/de
30、crease. First, . Second, . Finally, . 4. A number of factors can account for the change in . 5. Another contributory factor of . is . 6. Why do people .?For one thing, . for another, ./ One reason is. Another is. Perhaps the primary reason is . 7. . is also responsible for the rise/ decrease in . （2
31、）观点陈述：“用于比较、驳斥的语句” I用于比较的语句 1. The advantages of A outweigh any benefit we gain from B. 2. Good as A is, it has its own disadvantages. For one thing, it .; for another, it . 3. Although A has enormous/ much/ considerable/ a distinct advantage over B ., it can not compete with B in . 4. As advantage
32、sounds ridiculous/ means nothing when Bs advantages are considered. II用于驳斥的语句 1. Although a lot of people believe that ., I doubt/ wonder whether the argument bears much analysis/ close examination 2. As opposed to widely held ideas, I believe/ think/ argue that . 3. Although the popular belief/ ide
33、a is that ., current study/ survey indicates that . 4. They may be right about ., but they seem to neglect/ fail to mention/ consider the fact that . 5. Although it is widely accepted that ., it is unlikely to be true that . 6. It is true that ., but this is not to say/ it doesnt mean that . 7. Ther
34、e is/are absolutely no/ in fact every reason for us to believe/ accept/ resist/ reject that . 8. What these people fail to understand/ consider/ mention is that . 9. You/ One may think/ argue/ say that . It probably will. But . 10. It is one thing to believe that ., but it is quite another to say th
35、at . 3）第三段： 结束语：“用于文章结尾的语句” 1. From what has been discussed above/ Taking into account all these features/ Judging from all evidence offered, we may safely draw the conclusion that . 2. All the evidence supports an unshakable conclusion that . 3. It is time that we placed great emphasis on . 4. It i
36、s time we put an end to the undesirable phenomenon of . 5. There is little doubt/ no denying that further attention must be paid to the problem of . 6. It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation. 第16页 共16页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页