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1、小学英语基础知识总汇一、考点单词详解:1. a, an 的选择 : 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a. 2 am , is , are的选择 : 单数用 is , 复数用 are. I 用 am , you 用 are. 3 have , has 的选择 : 表示某人有某物。单数用has , 复数用 have. I ,you 用 have . 4. there is, there are 的选择 :表示某地有某物, 某人。单数用 there is , 复数用 there are. 5. some, any 的选择 :肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any. 6. 疑问词的选
2、择 :what (什么 ) who (谁 ) where (哪里 ) whose (谁的 ) why (为什么)when( 什么时候) which (哪一个) how old (多大 ) how many (多少) how much(多少钱)二:形容词比较级详解当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级。比较级的句子结构通常是:什么 + 动词 be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级+ than(比) + 什么 ,如:I m taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。 )An elephant is bigger than a tiger.
3、(一只大象比一只老虎更大。)形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是: 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如tall - taller , strong - stronger , 以 e 结尾的,直接加r ,如fine finer , 以辅音字母加y 结尾的,先改y 为 i 再加 er,如 funny - funnier 双写最后的字母再加er,如 big bigger, thin thinner ,hot hotter 注意比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误: My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长。 )比较的两者是我的头发、你(整个
4、人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性。应该改为: My hair is longer than yours. 或 My hair is longer than your hair. 比较级专项练习一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子heavy tall long big (1) How _ is the Yellow River? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - - (2) How _ is Mr Green? He s 175cm.(3
5、) How _are your feet? I wear size 18. (4)How _ is the fish? It s 2kg.二、根据句意写出所缺的单词(1) I m 12 years old. You re 14. Im _than you. (2) A rabbit s tail is_than a monkey s tail.(3) An elephant is _than a pig. (4) A lake is _than a sea. (5) A basketball is _than a football. 三、根据中文完成句子. (1)? 我比我的弟弟大三岁. I
6、m _than my brother. (2)? 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree_ than that one. (3)? 你比他矮四厘米. You are _ than he. (4)? 谁比你重 ? _ than you?四、根据答句写出问句(1) _ I m 160 cm.(2) _ I m 12 years old.(4) _ Amy s hair is 30 cm long.三:动词过去式详解动词的过去式的构成规则有:、规则动词一般直接在动词的后面加ed 如worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以 e 结尾的动词直接加d 如lived ,
7、 danced , used 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词要改y 为 i 再加 ed (此类动词较少) 如study studied carry carried worry worried (play 、stay )精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - - 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped 、不规则动词 (此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing sang , eat ate , see saw
8、 , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read ,fly flew , am/is was , are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt 四:动词现在分词详解动词的 ing 形式的构成规则:一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如 doing , go
9、ing , working , singing , eating 以 e 结尾的动词,要先去e 再加 ing,如 having , writing 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting 五:人称和数人称代词 (主格)宾格物主代词第一人称单数 I(我) me my (我的)复数 we (我们) us our(我们的)第二人称单数 you (你) you your(你的)复数 you (你们) you your(你们的)第三人称单数 he(他) him his (他的) she (她) her her (她的) it (
10、它) it its(它的)复数 they (他们 / 她们 / 它们) them their(他们的 / 她们的 / 它们的)六:句型专项归类肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如: I m a student.She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. 2、 否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如: I m not a student.She is no
11、t (isn t) a doctor. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - - He does not (doesn t) work in a hospital.There are not (aren t) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won t) eat lunch at 12:00.I did not (didn t) watch TV yesterday evening. 注意
12、小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词“not ”。有动词 be 的句子则“ not ”加在 be 后面,可缩写成“ isnt,aren t ”,但 am not 一般都分开写。没有动词be 的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do ,does ,did ) ,然后在它后面加上“not ”,你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“dont , doesnt , didnt ) 。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does” 只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did ”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did ” 。3、一般疑问句: 是指询问事实的句子,此类
13、句子必须用“ yes ”,或“ no ”来回答。 如:Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I m not.Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn t.Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn t.Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren t. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I a
14、m. / No, No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren t.)Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won t).Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren t.Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn t.注意小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,把动词 be 调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。没有动词be 的句子则要在句首加
15、上一个助动词(do ,does ,did )再把紧跟在后面的动精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - - 词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does” 只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did ”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did ” 。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词) 和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。4、特殊疑问句: 以特
16、殊疑问词 ( what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no” 来回答。如:What is this? It s a computer.What does he do? He s a doctor.Where are you going? I m going to Beijing.Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike. Which season do you like best? Summer.
17、 When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30. Whose skirt is this? It s Amy s.Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees. How are you? I m fine. / I m happy.How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train. 其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如:how many(多少 (数量 )), how much(多少
18、(钱)), how tall (多高) , how long(多长) , how big(多大) , how heavy(多重)例句: How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils. How many girls can you see? I can see four girls. How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51. 小结: how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - -
19、 - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - - How many + 名词复数+ do you have? 你有多少 ?How many + 名词复数+ can you see? 你能看见多少 ?How many + 名词复数+ are there?有多少 ?七 : 完 全 、 缩 略 形 式 : I m=I amhes=he isshes=she isthey re=they are you re=youare there s=there isthey re=they arecan t=can not don
20、t=do notdoesn t=does notisn t=is notaren t=are notlet s=let us won t=will notI ll=I willwasn t=was not总结:通常情况下,m 即 am ,s 即 is(但let s=let us) , re 即 are ,nt 即 not (但can t=can not)八:名词所有格在英语中,特别是表示有生命的名词,可以在后边加s 表示所属关系,名词的这种形式被称之为名词的所有格。常见的名词所有格的构成有哪些呢?请看:分类规则例词s 所有格单数名词在末尾加s the girls mother 那个女孩的妈妈W
21、ant Meis ruler王梅的尺子以 s 结尾的可数名词复数,在末尾加s Teachers Day 教师节the studentsbooks学生们的书以 s 结尾的人名,在末尾加s 或是Dickenss / Dickens novels狄更斯的小说表示各自的所有关系,各名词末尾均须加s Lucys and Lilys bikes 露西和莉莉的自行车表示共同所有关系时,最后一词末尾加s luck and Lilys bedroom 露西和莉莉的卧室表示“某人家” 、 “某店铺”,所有格后的名词省略my uncles我叔叔家精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - -
22、 - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - - the butchers 肉店of 所有格“名词 +of+名词”构成of 所有格the window of the room这个房间的窗户the life of the rich 有钱人的生活双 重 所有格在同一名词词组中同时具备s 以及of两种所有格a friend of my fathers我爸爸的一个朋友九、反身代词人称代词物主代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容性物主代词名词性物证代词单数第一人称我I me my mine myself 第二人称你you you y
23、our yours yourself 第三人称他he him his his himself 她she her her hers herself 它it it its its itself 复数第一人称我们we us our ours ourselves 第二人称你们you you your yours yourselves 第三人称他她它们they them their theirs themselves 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 25 页 - - - - - - -
24、- - - Pep 小学英语总复习单词归类表学习用品(school things) pen 钢笔pencil铅笔pencil-case铅笔盒ruler尺子bag 包eraser 橡皮comic book漫画书schoolbag书包book书crayon蜡笔Chinese book语文书notebook笔记本dictionary词典magazine杂志story-book故事书newspaper报纸sharpener卷笔post card明信片English book英语书math book数学书人体(body )foot脚head 头face 脸hair 头发nose 鼻子mouth嘴eye
25、眼睛ear 耳朵arm 手臂hand手finger手指leg 腿tail 尾巴颜色(colours )red 红blue 蓝yellow黄green绿white白pink粉红purple紫orange橙brown棕black 黑动物(animals )cat 猫dog 狗pig 猪duck鸭rabbit兔horse 马elephant大象fish 鱼bird鸟eagle鹰snake 蛇mouse老鼠ant 蚂蚁beaver海狸bear 熊donkey驴goose鹅deer 鹿monkey猴goat 山羊squirrel松鼠panda熊猫 lion 狮子tiger老虎fox 狐狸zebra斑马h
26、en 母鸡giraffe长颈鹿turkey火鸡 lamb小羊sheep绵羊cow奶牛squid鱿鱼lobster龙虾shark鲨 鱼seal海 豹sperm whale抹 香 鲸killer whale虎鲸kangaroo袋鼠精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - - 人物(people )friend朋友boy 男孩girl女孩mother母亲father父亲 sister姐妹brother兄弟uncle叔叔;舅舅man 男人woman女
27、人Mr. 先生Miss 小姐lady 女士;小姐mom妈妈dad 爸爸parents父母son 儿子daughter女儿kid 小孩baby 婴儿grandparents祖父母grandma/grandmother(外)祖母robot机器人grandpa/grandfather(外)祖父aunt 姑姑cousin堂(表)兄弟;堂(表)姐妹classmate同 学queen女 王visitor参 观 者neighbour邻居tourist旅行者principal校长university student大学生pen pal笔友people人物职业(jobs )teacher教师student学生d
28、octor医生nurse护士driver司机farmer农民singer歌唱家writer作家actor男演员actress女演员artist画家engineer工程师accountant会计 cleaner清洁工 salesperson销售员baseball player棒球运动员assistant售货员police警察policeman(男)警察TV reporter电视台记者食品、饮料(food & drink)rice 米饭bread 面包beef 牛肉milk牛奶water水egg 蛋fish 鱼tofu 豆腐cake 蛋糕cookie曲奇biscuit饼干jam 果酱noodles
29、面条tea 茶meat 肉chicken鸡肉pork猪肉salad 沙拉soup 汤Coke 可乐mutton羊肉ice 冰ice-cream冰淇淋juice 果汁coffee咖啡精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - - breakfast早餐lunch午餐dinner/supper晚餐meal 一餐hot dog热狗hamburger汉堡包French fries炸薯条vegetable蔬菜水果、蔬菜(fruit & vegetable
30、s) apple苹果banana香蕉pear 梨watermelon西瓜grape葡萄eggplant茄子green beans青豆tomato西红柿potato土豆peach桃strawberry草莓cucumber黄瓜onion洋葱carrot胡萝卜cabbage卷心菜orange橙子衣服(clothes )jacket夹克衫shirt衬衫T-shirt丅恤衫skirt短裙子dress 连衣裙jeans牛仔裤pants长裤socks袜子shoes 鞋子sweater毛衣coat 上衣raincoat雨衣shorts短裤sneakers网球鞋slippers拖鞋sandals凉鞋boots靴
31、子hat( 有沿的 )帽子cap 便帽sunglasses太阳镜tie 领带scarf 围巾gloves手套trousers裤子cloth布交通工具(vehicles) bike 自行车bus 公共汽车train火车boat 小船ship 轮船yacht快艇car 小汽车taxi 出租车jeep 吉普车van 小货车;面包车plane/airplane飞机subway/underground地铁motor cycle摩托车十一、杂物(other things)window窗户door门desk课桌chair椅子computer计算机board写字板fan 风扇light灯teacher s d
32、esk 讲台picture图画;照片wall 墙壁floor地板curtain窗帘trash bin垃圾箱closet壁橱mirror镜子end table床头柜present礼物walkman随身听lamp台灯精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - - sofa 沙发football/soccer足球phone电话shelf书架fridge冰箱bed 床table 桌子TV 电视air-conditioner空调key 钥匙lock锁p
33、hoto照 片chart图 表plate盘 子knife刀fork叉spoon勺 子chopsticks筷 子pot锅gift礼 物toy玩具doll洋娃娃ball 球balloon气球kite 风筝jigsaw puzzle拼图游戏box盒子umbrella伞zipper拉链violin小提琴yo-yo溜溜球nest鸟窝hole洞tube管子toothbrush牙刷menu菜单e-card电子卡片e-mail电子邮件traffic light交通灯money钱medicine药十二、地点(locations)home家room房间bedroom卧室bathroom卫生间living room
34、起居室kitchen厨房classroom教室school学校park 公园library图书馆post office邮局police office警察局 hospital医院cinema电影院bookstore书店farm 农场zoo 动物园garden花园study书房playground操场canteen食堂teacher s office教师办公室library图书馆gym 体育馆washroom卫生间art room绘画教室computer room计算机教室music room音乐教室TV room电视机房flat 公寓company公司factory工厂fruit stand水果
35、摊pet shop宠物商店nature park自然公园theme park主题公园science museum科学博物馆t he Great Wall长城supermarket超市bank银行country国家village乡村city 城市hometown家乡bus stop公交车站十三、课程(classes )精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - - sports体育运动science科学Moral Education 思想品德课
36、Social Studies社会课Chinese语文math数学PE体育课English英语课十四、国家、城市(countries & cities)China/PRC中 国America/USA美 国UK联 合 王 国England英国Canada/CAN加拿大Australia澳大利亚New York纽约London伦敦Sydney 悉尼Moscow莫斯科Cairo 开罗十五、气象(weather )cold 寒冷的warm温暖的cool 凉爽的snowy下雪的sunny晴朗的hot 炎热的rainy下雨的windy有风的cloudy多云的 weather report天气预报十六、景物(
37、nature )river 河流lake 湖泊stream河;溪forest森林path 小道road 公路house房子bridge桥building建筑物rain 雨cloud云sun 太阳mountain山sky 天空rainbow彩虹wind风air 空气moon月亮十七、植物(plants )flower花grass草tree 树seed种子sprout苗plant植物rose 玫瑰leaf 叶子十八、星期(week )Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四Friday星期五Saturday星期六Sunday星期天weekend周末十九、
38、月份(months)Jan. (January) 一月Feb. (February )二月Mar.(March)三月April四月May五月June六月July七月Aug.(August)八月Sept.(September)九精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - - 月Oct.(October)十月Nov.(November)十一月Dec.(December)十二月二十、季节(seasons )spring春summer夏fall/au
39、tumn秋winter冬二十一、方位(directions)south南north北east 东west 西left左边right右边二十二、患病(illness )have a fever发烧hurt 疼痛have a cold感冒have a toothache牙疼have a headache头疼have a sore throat喉咙疼二十三、数词(numbers)one 一two 二three三four四five 五six 六seven 七eight八nine 九ten 十eleven 十一twelve十二thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五sixteen十六s
40、eventeen十七eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十thirty三十forty四十fifty五十sixty六十seventy七十eighty八十ninety九十forty-two四十二hundred百one/a hundred and thirty-six一百三十六first第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五eighth第八ninth第九twelfth第十二twentieth第二十thirtieth第三十fortieth第四十fiftieth第五十sixtieth第六十seventieth第七十eightieth第八十ninetieth第九
41、十fifty-sixth第五十六二十四、形容词(adj.) big 大的small小的long 长的tall 高的short短的;矮的young年轻的old 旧的;老的strong健壮的thin 瘦的active积极活跃的精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - - quiet安静的nice 好看的kind和蔼亲切的strict严格的smart聪明的funny滑稽可笑的tasty好吃的sweet甜的salty 咸的sour 酸的fresh
42、新鲜的favourite最喜爱的clean 干净的tired疲劳的excited兴奋的angry生气的happy高兴的bored无聊的sad 忧愁的taller更高的shorter更矮的stronger更强壮的older 年龄更大的younger更年轻的bigger更大的heavier更重的longer更长的thinner更瘦的smaller更小的good好的fine 好的great 很好的heavy 重的new 新的fat 胖的 happy快乐的right对的hungry饥饿的cute 逗人喜爱的little小的lovely可爱的beautiful漂亮的colourful色彩鲜艳的prett
43、y漂亮的cheap 便宜的expensive昂贵的juicy 多汁的tender嫩的healthy健康的ill 有病的helpful有帮助的high高的easy简单的proud骄傲的sick有病的better更好的higher更高的二十五、介词(prep. )in 在 里on 在 上;在 时候under在 下面 near 在 的旁边behind在后边next to与 相邻 over 在 上面I n front of在 前面二十六、代词(pron. ) I 我we 我们you 你;你们he 他she 她it 它they 他(她,它)们my 我的our 我们的your 你的;你们的his 他的he
44、r 她的二十七、动词(v.)play (.ed )玩;踢swim(swam)游泳skate 滑冰fly(flew)飞jump跳精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - - walk 走run(ran)跑climb爬fight(fought)打架swing(swung)荡eat(ate) 吃sleep(slept)睡觉like 像,喜欢have(had)有;吃turn转弯buy(bought)买take(took)买;带live 居住teac
45、h (taught )教go(went)去study(studied)学习learn 学习(learned )sing(sang)唱歌dance 跳舞row划do(did) 做do homework做作业do housework做家务watch TV看电视read(read) books读书cook the meals做饭water the flowers浇花sweep(swept) the floor扫地clean the bedroom打扫卧室make(made) the bed铺床set(set) the table摆饭桌wash the clothes洗衣服do the dishes洗
46、碗碟use a computer使用计算机do morning exercises晨练;做广播操eat breakfast吃早饭eat dinner吃晚饭go to school上学have English class上英语课play sports进行体育运动get (got )up起床climb mountains爬山go shopping买东西play the piano弹钢琴visit grandparents看望(外)祖父母go hiking去远足fly kites放 风 筝make a snowman堆 雪 人plant trees种 树draw(drew) pictures画画co
47、ok dinner做饭read a book看书answer the phone接电话listen to music听音乐clean the room打扫房间write(wrote) a letter写信write an e-mail写电子邮件drink(drank) water喝水take pictures照相watch insects观察昆虫pick up leaves采摘树叶do an experiment做实验catch butterflies捉蝴蝶count insects数昆虫collect insects收集昆虫collect leaves收集树叶write a report写报
48、告play chess下棋have a picnic举行野餐get to到达精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - - ride(rode) a bike骑自行车play the violin拉小提琴make kites制作风筝collect stamps集邮meet(met)见面welcome欢迎thank谢谢love 爱work工作drink(drank)喝taste 尝smell闻feed(fed)喂养shear 剪milk 挤奶l
49、ook 看guess 猜help 帮助pass 传递how 展示use 使用clean打扫open打开close关上put放paint绘画tell(told)告诉kick踢bounce反弹ride(rode)骑stop(stopped)停wait 等find(found)寻找到drive(drove)驾驶fold 折send(sent)寄wash 洗shine照耀become变成feel(felt)感 觉 到think(thought)思 考meet(met)遇 见fall(fell)落 下leave(left)离开wake(woke) up醒来put on穿上take off脱掉hang u
50、p挂起wear(wore)穿go home回家go to bed上床睡觉play computer games玩电脑游戏play chess下棋empty the trash倒垃圾put away the clothes收拾衣服get off下车take a trip去旅行read a magazine阅读杂志go to the cinema去看电影go straight向前直走三年级到六年级重点句型四年级下册1. This is my computer. That is your computer. 这是我的电脑 . 那是你的电脑 . 2. Is this a teacher s desk?