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1、学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料八年级上册（短语和句型）UNIT 1 Where did you go on vacation? 【应该掌握的句子】 Where did you go on vacation? -I went to New York City, Did you go out with anyone? -No. No one was here. Everyone was on vacation. Did you buy anything special? -Yes, I bought something for my mother. - No, I bought nothin
2、g. Why didn t you buy anything for yourself? -I didn t really see anything I liked. How was the food? -Everything tasted really good! Did everyone have a good time? -Oh, yes. Everything was excellent. How did you like (feel about )it? What did you think of it? -Everything was really interesting. Wha
3、t do people usually do on vacation? 【应掌握的词组】1.stayed at home 2.visited my grandfather 3.went to summer camping 4.went to the mountains/the beach 5.buy me a book =buy a book for me 6.take(took) photos 7.most of 8.shop=go shopping=do some shopping 9.Keep a diary 10. decided to do sth. 11. show sb. sth
4、.=show sth. to sb. 12. get back=come back 13. feel like 14. in the past 15. enjoy doing sth. 16. Walk around 17. try to do sth. 努力做某事Try doing sth. 尝试做某事18. because of 【练习】I had a trip to Aruba on my vacation. We 1 the Holiday Hotel in Aruba at about 1:30 am. We were pretty glad 2 it was our first t
5、rip to Aruba. The flight (飞行 ) was fine and the bus ride from the 3 was great. We stayed at the Holiday Hotel. We saw the rooms one 4 one because we wanted to have a room to 5 the sea (海洋 ). I would say that the beach was 6 but the weather was awful every day. 7 the Holiday Hotel, it was okay with u
6、s. The room was clean, the waiters were friendly and the food was good. I 8 the food of the hotel restaurant. One night we had 9 at the Moomba Restaurant. It is on the third floor. The food there was really good. The Moomba was a good place to 10 . I hoped to go there again. ( ) 1. A. left B. arrive
7、d at C. walked D. thought of ( ) 2. A. because B. when C. before D. if ( ) 3. A. hotel B. beach C. airport D. home 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料( ) 4. A. to B. at C. with D. by ( ) 5. A. see B. visit C. talk abo
8、ut D. look for ( ) 6. A. bad B. beautiful C. crowded D. delicious ( ) 7. A. About B. On C. To D. Of ( ) 8. A. hated B. disliked C. made D. liked ( ) 9. A. breakfast B. lunch C. supper D. meals ( ) 10. A. play B. eat C. walk D. cook 【语法加油站不定代词】不定代词： 代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。单数含义some any no none / / each
9、 (every) one either, neither so the other, another 复合不定代词不可数含义much little, a little all / / / / /复数含义many few, a few ones both others, the others 注： 复合不定代词 有 12 个： something(某事 ), someone(某人 ), somebody (某人 ), anything(任何事 ), anyone(任何人 ), anybody(任何人 ), nothing(没事 ),nobody(没有人 ), no one(没有人 ), ever
10、ything(一切 ), everyone(每个人 ), everybody(每个人 ).(1)some和 any 的用法：some 一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个” 、 “一些”、 “某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。 如：I have some work to do today. / They will go there some day . some 用于疑问句时 ,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would you like some coffee with sugar? any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些” 、 “任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名
11、词。如：Have you got any questions to ask?any 用于肯定句时 ,意思是“任何的” 。Come here with any friend . (2)all 和 both 的用法：all 指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。both 指两个人或物 ,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all 和 both 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：I know all of the four British students in their school. / -Would you like this one or that on
12、e? Both. all 和 both 既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词 ),也可以独立使用,采用“ all/both + of the +名词(复数 )”的形式 ,其中的 of 可以省略。如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty . (3)every和 each用法：every 是形容词 ,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念； each 可以放在名词前,可以后跟of 短语 ,与动词同时出现时要放在“ be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行
13、为动词之前every 和 each 都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如 he/him/his) 也可以用复数的代词 (如 they/them/their)替代。如： Every one of the students in his class studies very hard. / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do. (4)either 和 neither 的用法：either 意思是“两个中间的任何一个” ；neither 是 either 的否定形式 ,意思是“两个都不” 。neither 和 eith
14、er 在句子中可作主语、 宾语和定语等 ,都用作单数。 如：I don t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do./ -Will you go there by bus or by car? Neither. I will go there by train. (5)other、the other 和 another 的用法 ：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -
15、 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料other 意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。 在句子中可作主语、 宾语和定语。 another意思是“另外” 、 “又一个” ,表示增加 ,在句中可作宾语和定语。如：Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking . / You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one? / I want another four books.another(另外
16、的 ,再一 ,又一 )与 the other(另外的一个 ) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用 the other,在原先基础上增加用another。 如： This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?/ I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another. Others 与 the others 的主要区别： others 指“剩余的人 /物”(指大部分 )；the others 指“其余的人 /物”,(指全部 )。 如：A few students are playing soccer whil
17、e others are watching them. / Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them . (6)many 和 much的用法：many 意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；much 意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。 如：I dont have many friends here./ We can learn much with the help of him. many 和 much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者 lots
18、 of; many / much 用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very 或 too.如：There are a lot of people on the playground. / They havent got much work to do. / There are too many people in the room. (7)few、little、a few、a little 的用法：few、little 意思是“很少几个” 、 “几乎没有” ,有否定的意思 ,a few、a little 意思是“有几个”、 “有些” ,有肯定的意思；few、a few 与可数名词连用或代替可数的
19、事物, little、a little 与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：He is very poor and he has little money. / Don t worry. There is still a little time left. / In that polar region there live few people. / You can get a few sweets from him . (8)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybod
20、y 等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上 body, thing 构成的 ,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中； anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如：Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door. /Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday? /He has nothing much to
21、do today . (9)one 与 ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、 形容词、指示代 which等。如： Which jacket would you like, this one or that one ? / I dont like the green ones. (10)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。如：I don t think so. (11)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of 的区别：五个“名词 +介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”
22、 ,a lot of(或 lots of)既可以修饰 不可数名词也可以修饰 可数名词的复数形式 ,可以相应地换为much和 many； plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰 不可数名词 也可以修饰 可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为 some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of 只可以修饰 不可数名词 (它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。如： A lot of people think that time
23、is money. / I dont have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time. / I have a number of letters to write today. / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping. (12)none、no one、nobody的区别： no one和 nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人 ,后面不跟of 短语 ,作主语时谓语用单数形式；none 表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - -
24、- - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料后面可跟of 短语 ,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如：No one knows how he managed to get the ticket. / Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday. ( / None of my friends came to see me that day . 练一练1. I have two pens . One
25、is red , is blue . A. the other B. others C. other D. another 2. There wrong with my radio . A. are something B. are anything C. is anything D. is something 3. I m not busy . I haven t to do . A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything 4. His parents are doctors . A. each B. all C. both D. no
26、 one 5. Of the three foreign friends , one is from London, two are from New York . A.other B. the other C. others D. the others 6. Mary wanted to have a word with Tom . She had to tell him . A.important something B. nothing important C. anything important D. something important 7. There wrong with t
27、he machine . A. arent something B. arent anything C. isn t something D. isn t anything 8. My parents and I are interested in music . A. both B. all C. neither D. no 9. Look at those students . Some are cleaning the window , are sweeping the floor . A. the other B. other C. others D. the others 10. Y
28、ou may keep the book for two weeks , but you mustn t lend it to . A. other B. others C. the others D. the others 11. If you need a rubber , Ill lend you . A. some B. one C. another D. the one 12. We have books to read . A. many B. much C. a lot D. any 13. Would you like some wine ? Yes . Just . A. l
29、ittle B. very littl C. a little D. little bit 14. is here today except Li Ping . A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Somebody D. Nobody 15. Is there in the library ? Yes, is in . A. somebody , anybody B. anybody , nobody C. anybody , somebody D. anybody , everybody 16. Now , is here . Lets begin our meeting
30、.A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. Anybody 17. has taken my pencil by mistake . I can t find it .A. Somebody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. everybody 18. Did they find in the garden ? No , they found there . A.anybody , nobody B. somebody , everybody 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - -
31、 - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料C. anybody , somebody D. everybody , anybody 19. She made mistakes in her exercises . A. any B. another C. no D. one 20. There are fifty pupils in their class . of them are League members . A. Both B. Either C. All D. No one 精品资料 - -
32、 - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料UNIT 2 How often do you exercise? 【应该掌握的句子】 What do you (usually) do on weekends? -I sometimes go to the beach. How often do you eat vegetables? -Every day./Once a day. Most students do home
33、work every day. How many hours do you sleep every night? -Nine. What you favorite exercise? -I like to play basketball. It is healthy for the mind and the body. The answers to our questions about watching TV were very interesting. A: How often do you eat/drink., XXX? B: I eat/drink every day . A: Do
34、 you like it ? B: No/ . But my mother wants me to drink it. She says its good for my health/.【应掌握的词组】1.go to the movies 11.look after = take care of 2.surf the internet 12. healthy lifestyle 3.keep healthy=stay healthy 13. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports 4.eating habits 14. take more exercise
35、5.the same as 15.be different from 6.once a month16.twice a week 7.make a difference to17.junk food 垃圾食物8.be good for / be bad for 18. Help sb. To do sth. 9.as for 至于19.of course = certainly = sure 当然10. get good grades 20. hardly=not nearly / almost not 几乎不【语法加油站频度副词】一、 频度副词的含义：频度副词表示动作发生的频率。常用的频度副
36、词按照频率发生的高低分别是：always(总是 )usually(通常 )often（经常） sometimes （有时） seldom(很少 )never（从不）二、 频度副词的位置： 一般位于 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后， 行为动词之前。 但 sometimes比较灵活， 可放在句首也可放在句中，还可以放在句尾；often 可以放在句中,也可放在句尾,习惯上不放在句首。eg.：He usually gets up at7:00 in the morning. I am never late for school. I sometimes think that it is a grea
37、t mistake. Sometimes I help my mother in the house. We have been there quite often. 三、频度副词与not 连用时 ,表示部分否定；对频度副词进行提问时,要用 how often。如: We go to the cinema sometimes.( 对划线部分提问) How often do you go to the cinema? 练一练1. -Does Alice often work until 2 a.m.? -No, she _ does. A. nearly B. certainly C. seld
38、om D. always 2. I didnt know you take a bus to school.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料-Oh, I _ take a bus, but it is snowing today. A. hardly B. never C. sometimes D. usually 3. -Were you often late for school last
39、 term, Tom? -No, _. I got to school early every day. A. Always B. Usually C. Sometimes D. Never 4. How often do you go to a concert? -_ ever. Im not interested in that at all.A. Usually B. Hardly C. Almost 5. -John sings so well. Has he ever been trained? -No. He learns all by himself. He _ goes to
40、any training class. A. usually B. often C. never D. even 【小试牛刀】( )1. -_ do you have a sports meeting ? Once a year. A. How soon B. How long C. How often ( )2. Many children still like to eat junk food , _ it is not good for their health. A. because B. so C. although ( )3. I like sports and _ play ba
41、sketball. A. never B. hardly C. often ( )4. Its good _ our health_ vegetables.A. for ; to eat B. to ;eat C. at ; eating ( )5. I think eating more _ food can help you keep _. A. healthy ; health B. healthy ; healthy C. health ; healthy ( )6. I always keep healthy _ exercise . A. with B. on C. through
42、 ( )7. Do you know the _ of the exam ? -Yes , I got an A. A. time B. results C. place ( )8. Mary has _ sister. A. a 8-year-old B. an 8-year-old C. an 8 years old ( )9.The answers _ these questions were very _. A. of ; interesting B. to ; interested C. to ; interesting ( )10 . He was so excited at th
43、e news that she could _say a word. A. almost B. ever C. hardly 书面表达(10 分) 假如 Helen 是你最好的朋友，请你从以下几个方面向大家介绍她：1.在学校学习努力，平时喜欢看英文书，有时上网冲浪；2.身体健康，每周锻炼两三次，天天步行去学校；3.饮食习惯很好，喜欢吃不同种类的蔬菜和水果，每周吃五次蔬菜。要求： 60 词左右。_精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学
44、习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料_ Unit 3 I m more outgoing than my sister【应该掌握的句子】1.Sam has longer hair than Tom 2.For me ,a good friend likes to do the same thing. 3.I don t really care if my friends are the same as me or not. 4.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 5.Who is smarter, your mo
45、ther or your father? 6.So it s not easy for me to make friends. 7.Everyone want to wine. But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. 8.That s why I reading books and study harder in class. 【应掌握的词组】1.care about 关心，在意2.as long as 只要，既然3.be different from 4.In fact 事实上5.Be simi
46、lar to 6.primary school 7.talk about 讨论8.reach for【语法加油站形容词和副词的比较级和最高级】形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、分类 ：形容词和副词有原级、比较级 和最高级 三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化 : (1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加 er,est ：b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加 er,est：c)以辅音字母 +y结尾的 ,先把 y 改为 i 再加上 er,est：(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加m
47、ore / most.3、不规则变化 : 原级比较级最高级good好的better 更好的best最好的well 好；(身体)好的 ,bad,badly 糟糕的 ,糟糕地worse 更糟糕的 ,更糟糕地；(身体 )更不舒服的worst 最糟糕的 ,最糟糕地；(身体 )最不舒服的ill(身体 )不舒服的many 许多的 (可数) more 更多的；更most 最多的；最much许多的 (不可数 )；非常little 少的less更少的least 最少的far 远的；远地farther 更远的；更远地farthest 最远的；最远地further 进一步的 (地) furthest 最深刻的 (地
48、)4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：1、 原级（同级）比较：asas; not as(so)asWe ll give you as much help as we can.She isn t as(so)active in sports as before.2. 比较级：表示两者之间比 更 可用状语 much, a little, even 等修饰：He made fewer mistakes than I did. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 11 页 - -
49、 - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料He is even richer than I. 3、 高级：形容词最高级前必须加the, 副词最高级前常省略the， 后面多用 of ， in 短语表示范围：It was the most/least interesting story I have ever listened. He is the tallest of the three. 4、 如果在两者之间表示“ 最 ”时要在比较级前加the ，而且还用 of the two, of the pair短语： John is the clever of the tw
50、o boys. Of the two boys, John is the clever. 三、 重点与难点：1、 asas 结构 ：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。Youre a boy as good as Tom.=Youre as good a boy as Tom.2、 (1)too to 与 sothat sb.can t 的句型转换 ：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较：The man was too angry to be able to speak./The man was so angry that he wasnt able to speak. The